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1、英汉道歉语的对比研究篇一：中英道歉语异同分析中英道歉语的使用差异及原因探析On the Differences of Apology Speech Act in Chinese and English摘要:道歉语是指能够为被冒犯的人挽回面子的一类语言。在全球化日益增强的现代社会,中美合作与接触不断增多，但由于社会背景,文化及价值观念的不同,在跨文化交际中经常会出现一些误解甚至是冲突。由于任何一种言语行为都反映了一定的社会准则和价值,并服务和维护那些价值观，因此,道歉言语行为能够像镜子一样折射出中美文化价值的差异。所以，为了在跨文化交际中获得更好的交际目的,就有必要对中美道歉语进行跨文化研究。本
2、文首先介绍了道歉语研究的国内外现状，接着阐述了道歉语的种类、策略及制约因素，后对中英道歉策略的选择进行比较；最后从文化价值方面分析汉语和英语道歉语的差异。通过研究表明, 由于英汉文化不同、交际方式和价值取向的不同, 道歉策略的选择上也相应的有所不同。关键词：道歉语，文化差异，道歉策略Abstract: The language of apology is a special kind of speech which could providesupport for the hearer who is offended. In the increasing global world, coope
3、rationand contacts between Chinese and Americans are rapidly rising. However, along withthis are the constant misunderstandings or even conflicts in cross-culturalxxmunications due to different cultures and values. Because any speech act reflectsa variety of culture norms and values and serves, the
4、speech of apology can act as amirror of certain cultural values in Chinese and English cultures. Therefore, in orderto help people cultivate intercultural xxmunicative xxpetence and achieve betterxxmunicative purposes, it is necessary to study the language of apology betweenChinese and Americans. Th
5、is paper firstly introduces the study of research to thespeech of apology both at home and abroad. Then the second part analyzes thedifferent categories, strategies and restraining factors of the apologized , differences in the speech of language between English and Chinese languageare probed from t
6、he aspects of different cultural values. Through the study, thefollowing conclusion is arrived: The cultural differences between English and Chinese, the different xxmunication ways and value orientation directly lead to the different choices of apology strategies。Key Words: the speech of apology; c
7、ultural differences; apology strategies一IntroductionIn our daily life, people often offend others without any intention. Then the speech act of apology would be employed to get forgiveness and maintain the harmonious interpersonal relationship. But usually people just think the apology speech act as
8、 a simple thing, and they never imagine its a very xxplicated language phenomenon. Actually, the apology speech act is an important content of cross-cultural xxmunication for the reason that people from different backgrounds may have different understandings on the same speech act. This kind of cult
9、ural-based understanding, which seriously affects the normal cross-cultural xxmunication, is like a gap existing between people in different cultures. So, it is necessary for us to study the widely used apology speech in different languages so that we can better exchange ideas and understand each ot
10、her in cross-cultural xxmunication.二The present research and classification of apology speech act1. The present research of apology speechThe British philosopher firstly put forward the Theory of Speech Acts. He defined apologize as a “implementation speech”. Based on the classification of the Austi
11、n, Searle treated “apologize” as an “expression speech. Brown & Levinson, however, regarded apology speech from the perspective of “politeness”. They thought that good manners are reasonable behaviors taken to meet the demand of “face-preservation”. Here face means the positive public image of one p
12、erson. It could be divided into the positive face (hoping to gain approval from others) and negative face (not wanting personal behaviors to be hampered by others). In all kinds of xxmunication, enough attention to others positive and negative face could ensure us smooth interactions. But Brown & Le
13、vinson thought that some speech acts carrythe inherent nature of threatening the face. In this case, we need to choose proper strategies to avoid or remedy. So people deploy apology speech to remedy and maintain each others face when they realized that the hearers negative face is threatened. So the
14、 apology speech act is used to restore the relationship between people when we offend others intentionally or unintentionally. Brown & Levinson thought the following factors were involved as to the threatening of face: (1) the social distance between speakers and hearers; (2) the relevant power of s
15、peakers and hearers; (3) speech act inherent in the imposition of the absolute sense. These are called the Brown and Levinsons Face Theory (The Face going). But Olshtain and Cohen firstly made a detailed study to apology speech. And they defined apology language as a culture - sensitive researched -
16、 act set of semantic formulae or strategies. They also proposed the original mode of apology speech act. Later, scholars represented by Blum Kalka and Olshtain improved the early model and incorporated the improved one into “Cross-Cultural Study of Speech Act Realization Mode Project (CCSARP).2. The classification of apology speech ac
