《Lesson-10-Boiler-Management》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Lesson-10-Boiler-Management（6页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Lesson 10 Boiler Management第10课 锅炉管理1.General management principles and operating procedures are well known and must always be followed to avoid boiler mishaps. In particular:锅炉的一般管理规则及操作程序是众所周知的，为避免锅炉的损坏而必须遵守，特别是：2.With many small package boilers, the automatic control sequence usually ensures that
2、 the boiler fire is initially ignited from a diesel oil supply, and changed over to the usual source when ignition is completed. With good management, to facilitate subsequent starting from cold, the fuel system of large boilers will have been flushed through with diesel oil when the boiler is on li
3、ght duty immediately prior to being secured. When burning such diesel fuel it is essential for safety that only the correct (small) burner tip should be used. It should be kept in mind that if fire does not light, immediately shut off fuel and vent furnace.对许多小型总装式锅炉，自动控制顺序通常能确保用轻油点火，点火完成后改用正常使用的燃料。
4、管理良好的大型锅炉，为方便下次冷炉启动，在停炉前锅炉负荷较低时，应用柴油冲刷燃油系统。当燃用轻柴油时，为安全起见，仅可使用合适的(小的)燃烧器。应牢记，若点火失败，应立即切断燃油并吹扫炉膛。3.Complete ignition of fuel in the furnace is essential. The burner flame, the smoke indicator and the funnel should be frequently observed. With satisfactory combustion, the flame should appear incandesce
5、nt with an orange shade at the flame tip, and a faint brownish haze should show at the funnel. If on first ignition the flame is uncertain, badly shaped and separated from the primary swirler, momentary opening or closing of air register may correct.燃油在炉膛充分燃烧非常必要。应不断观察燃烧火焰、排烟指示器及烟囱。当燃烧良好时，火焰白炽，火焰前端呈
6、桔黄色，烟囱冒淡褐色轻烟。若首次燃烧时火焰不稳定，火炬形状很差并与主旋流配风器分离，可通过不时地开关调风器进行调整。4.The pH value of the boiler feed water should be kept between 8 and 9 and the boiler density less than 300 ppm. But, if water samples show a heavy concentration of suspended matter, short blowdown of 20 seconds duration should be given until
7、 the sludge content is seen reduced. The boiler should be blown down when the oil burner is operating, the water level lowered and then restored to prove the functioning of the low water cutout and the oil burner start-up equipment. The boiler scum valve should also be operated at this time to keep
8、the water level clear from floating scum.锅炉给水pH应保持在89且浓度小于30010-6 (300 ppm)，但是，如果水样显示悬浮物浓度太大，应短暂排污20 s，至浮渣含量呈现减少。在燃烧器工作时，对锅炉进行排污，水位应当下降并恢复，以证明低水位保护装置及燃烧器启动设备功能正常。同时，还应使上排污阀工作，使水面无浮渣。5.Fuel burner components and igniter electrodes should be cleaned weekly and the furnace examined to ensure that there
9、 are no excess carbon deposits.每周清洁燃烧器组件和点火电极，检查炉膛并确认无过多积炭。6.Tubes in the exhaust gas section of the boiler should be brushed through at about six- month intervals, and those in the oil-burning section periodically examined and cleaned as necessary with a wire bristle brush. With correct feed water
10、treatment, blowdown procedures and sludge contents in water samples at a stable level, it should not be necessary to wash out the water side of the boiler more than once every three or four months.每6个月左右，彻底清刷锅炉排气部分的管子。对燃油燃烧部分的管子定期检查并视需要用钢丝刷清洗。给水处理良好、排污操作合理，水样中浮渣含量稳定的锅炉，水侧清洗不超过3 4个月一次。7.Boiler fires
11、may be out for long periods when a ship is at sea and the boiler steaming maintained by heat input from waste heat recovery plant. This operation is free from hazard, but feed water and boiler water treatment must be maintained to prevent internal deterioration or scale formation. Water level contro
12、llers must be kept operable to protect external steam-using plant from water carry-over danger.船舶在海上定速航行时可让锅炉长期熄火，而由废热回收装置加热产生蒸汽。此操作虽没有危险，但给水和水的处理必须保持以防止内部水质恶化或形成水垢。水位控制器须保持正常工作，以保护外部蒸汽使用装置免受汽水共腾的危害。8.If a boiler is isolated from the steam-using system it must be kept either in closed dry storage wi
13、th a suitable internal desiccant, or completely full of treated water, or under a low steam pressure preferably maintained by a steam-heated coil.如果要将锅炉和蒸汽使用系统隔开，应在炉内置适当干燥剂，使锅炉处于干燥密封状态，或使锅炉充满处理过的水，或者处于在由低压蒸汽盘管维持良好的低压蒸汽压力下。9.Regular testing of boiler protective devices must be implemented.锅炉保护装置须定期试验
14、。10.Frequent comparison of drum-mounted and remote-reading water level indicators: discrepancies between these have contributed to failures because of overheating through shortage of water, when a boiler is being oil-fired. If in doubt as to the true boiler water level, i. e. whether a water level i
15、ndicator sight glass is completely full or empty, when a unit is being oil-fired the fire should be immediately extinguished until the true level is resolved.锅筒上的水位计和远距离水位计的读数要经常比较:当锅炉烧油时, 两者之间的差异已经造成过因缺水而致的过热故障。如果对锅炉的真实水位有怀疑, 即不论水位计观察镜显示全满或全空, 都应立即熄火(如锅炉烧油的话), 等实际水位恢复后(方可再点火)。11.Procedures should b
16、e predetermined and followed in the event of shortage of water, bulging or fracture of plates or furnace, or bursting of water tubes. In general, fires should be immediately extinguished by remote tripping of fuel supply valves; forced draught air pressure maintained if there is any risk of escaping steam entering the boiler room; steam pressure relieved if metallic fractures seem possible; and boiler water level maintained, where practi
