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1、1.汉语是中国各民族共同使用的语言，也是世界上历史最悠久、发展水平最高的语言之一，有文字可考的历史不少于 6000 年。无论过去还是现在，汉语在国内外都有很大的影响，具有很重要的地位。当今世界出现汉语热，一是因为中华民族历史悠久，有着光辉灿烂的文化，对人类进步做出过巨大贡献；更是因为 30 年来中国实行改革开放，综合国力（overall national strength）大大提升，与中国打交道、对中国文化感兴趣的国家、国际组织和人员日益增多。学习汉语也就成为他们深入了解中国的必由之路。Chinese is a language used by people of all the nation
2、alities in China, and it is also among the worlds most highly developed languages with the longest history, a recorded history of at least 6000 years. Whether in the past or at present, the Chinese language has had great influence both at home and abroad and occupied a prominent position. The curren
3、t worldwide interest in learning Chinese is attributed to the long history of the Chinese nation, its glorious and magnificent culture and its tremendous contribution to human progress; more importantly, as Chinas overall national strength has grown in the course of reform and opening-up over the la
4、st three decades, more and more countries, international organizations and people come into contact with China and take interest in Chinese culture. For them, learning the Chinese language has become the only road to a profound understanding of China.2. 在漫长的发展过程中，中国建筑逐渐形成了以木结构（timberwork）结合的石雕、夯土结构（
5、rammed earth construction）以及其他技巧为特色的风格。一般来讲，中国的传统建筑风格可分为几个类别：皇家宫殿、宅居厅室、寺庙佛塔（pagodas） 、墓园陵寝及园林建筑。然而，中国不同地区和不同民族的建筑风格可能在特色和功能上有所不同。从中国北方到南方，从黄河到长江，一路上你会被中国建筑师们的杰作所感动。勤劳的中国劳动人民创造了很多建筑奇迹，如：长城、故宫。During its long evolution process, Chinese architecture gradually developed a style which featured timberwork
6、 combining stone carving, rammed earth construction, and many other techniques. Generally speaking, traditional Chinese architectural style can be classified into several categories: royal palaces, residential houses, religious temples and pagodas, tombs, and garden architecture. However, the archit
7、ectural styles of different regions and nationalities in China may vary in characteristics and functions. Traveling all the way from the Northern China to the South, from the Yellow River down to the Yangtze River, you will be moved by the works of Chinese architects. Industrious Chinese laboring pe
8、ople created many architectural miracles such as the Great Wall, the Forbidden City.3. 在中国，茶具有非常悠久的历史，并已形成了中国茶文化。与此同时，茶有益于我们的健康，因此受到许多人的喜爱。中国茶文化博大精深，不但包含物质文化层面，还包含深厚的精神文明层次。谈到中国的茶叶，可以追溯到远古时代，它是从唐代与宋代兴盛起来的。从此查的精神渗透到了宫廷（court）和社会，深入到中国的诗词、绘画、书法（calligraphy ） 、宗教、医学。几千年来，中国积累了大量关于茶叶种植、生产的物质文化，而且丰富了有关茶的
9、精神文化。In China, tea has a very long history and has formed the Chinese tea culture. Meanwhile, tea is beneficial to our health, thus it is well received by many people. Chinese tea culture is both extensive and profound, which not only contains the level of material culture, but also includes a deep
10、level of spiritual civilization. Referring to Chinese tea, we can trace it back to ancient times, which flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Since then, the spirit of tea has penetrated into the court and society, going deep into the Chinese poetry, painting, calligraphy, religion and medicine
11、. For thousands of years, China has accumulated a great deal of material culture in tea cultivation and production, moreover, enriching the spiritual culture of tea.4. 中国的灯笼起源于西汉时期。每年的元宵节前后，人们都挂起象征团圆的红灯笼，来营造一种喜庆的氛围。后来灯笼就成了中国人喜庆的象征。中国的灯笼综合了绘画艺术、剪纸、纸扎（paper bundling） 、刺缝（prickseaming）等工艺。在中国古代制作的灯笼中，以
12、宫灯和纱灯（gauze lantern）最为著名。如今，灯笼在居家装饰上仍扮演着重要的角色，但是有些灯笼的材料由原来的纸、竹子，变成布、塑胶、铁钱，而且灯笼的形状和颜色与传统也大不相同。Chinese lantern has originated from the Western Han Dynasty. Around the yearly Lantern Festival, people hang red lanterns up, which symbolize reunion, to create a festive atmosphere. Lanterns later become a
13、joyous symbol for Chinese. Chinese lantern synthesizes techniques of painting art, paper cutting, paper bundling and prickseaming. Palace lantern and gauze lantern are the most famous among the lanterns made in ancient China. Nowadays, lanterns still play an important role in home decoration, but th
14、e material of some lanterns have changed from paper and bamboo to cloth, plastics and iron wire, and their shape and colour have been quite different from traditional ones.5. 长城是中华文明的瑰宝。它是世界上修建时间最长、工程量最大的一项古代防御工程。我们今天所指的长城多指明代（Ming Dynasty）修建的长城，总成约 8851.8 千米。它凝聚着我国古代人民的坚强毅力和高度智慧，体现了我国古代工程技术的非凡成就，也显
15、示了中华民族的悠久历史。1987 年 12 月，长城被列为世界文化遗产。古今中外，凡到过长城的人无不惊叹它的磅礴气势、宏伟规模和艰巨工程。长城是中国人民的骄傲，也是全世界人民的骄傲。The Great Wall is the treasure of Chinese civilization. It is an ancient defending project which took the longest building time and largest project load in the world. The Great Wall we refer to today is mainly
16、 the one built in Ming Dynasty, about 8851.8 kilometers in length. It embodies the perseverance and great wisdom of ancient Chinese people, reflects the outstanding achievement of our ancient project engineering and shows the profound history of Chinese nation. It was listed as the world cultural heritage in December 1987. The people of all times and all countries who have visited the Great Wall marvel at its magnificence, grand scale and difficult engineering. The Great Wall i
