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1、Insurance保险 Part 1. The Introduction of Insurance What is the insurance & whats it for (何为保险及其用途)Insurance is a key issue in international trade. The transportation of goods from the seller to the buyer is generally over a long distance and it has to go through the procedure of transit, loading and
2、unloading, storage, etc. These goods, both being imported and exported, are subject to damage or loss. So it is customary to insure the goods against risks of collision,leakage, pilferage, fire and storm, etc.The purpose of insurance is to provide compensation for those who suffer from loss or dange
3、r that may be icurred. Cargo insurance is now an indispensable part to the import and export practice. So it will make plain in a contract as to who will cover the insurance and bear the expenses.买卖双方签订合同后，出口商备货装运。在货物到达买方之前，可能牵涉到的环节是：买房将包装、装运要求发给卖方；买方催促装运，要求卖方提前或准时装运；卖方发出装船通知；卖方通知买方投保等。不管是哪一种情况，一般在开
4、头部分都会提及交易中的商品，再就具体情况提出自己的要求。 Who is responsible for the insurance? (哪一方负责保险？)If the goods are sold on CIF terms, the seller is responsible for the insuring and the premium, which is 110% of the insurance value against risks as per Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of the Peoples Insurance Company of China
5、or other insurance companies. While the buyer should arrange the insurance and bear the covering expenses, as in FOB and CFR terms.在货物运输前，买方（如果合同是以FOB或CFR为基础）或卖方（以CIF为基础）必须对货物向保险公司投保。双方交换一贯的投保惯例。 insurance protection （保险的适用范围）Insurance protection is available for different means of transportation, s
6、uch as marine, land, and aviation as well as by post. Insurance clauses are drawn up to cater for different kinds of commodities such as general cargo, refrigerated cargo, oil in bulk, live animals and poultry, and other goods.保险适用于各种交通运输渠道，比如海运，陆运，空运以及邮寄。所编写的保险条款是为满足不同货物的需求如普通货物，冷藏货物，大量的油产品，家禽以及其他货
7、物。 Premium rates（费用等级）The premium rates are determined largely by competition but also greatly affected by the character of the merchandise insured, the geographical area in which the shipmentes are made, the classification of the vessels employed and the probable volume of the insurance. In princip
8、le, the premium rates vary with different destinations and routes and carrying periods of insurance.保险费用很大程度上是由各保险公司竞争决定的，但也受货物本身特性，运输过程的地理环境，船舶分类以及保险覆盖面等因素的影响。原则上，保险的费用等级由于不同的目的地，路线和投保期限而多种多样。 the issue of compensation（赔偿问题）In case of loss for damage, insurance investigator will be assigned to insp
9、ect the case. If after the examination, the claim turns out to be justifiable, the underwriter shall make payments to the consignee and get the right of subrogation. If the loss or damage to the goods is caused by the international act or fault of the insured, or raising from inherent vice or normal
10、 loss of the consignor, the insurance company is not liable to pay. In the last instance, the buyer should file a claim against the seller. 万一发生了货物损坏，保险公司会派遣调查专员来检查事件始末。如果在检查之后，结论是公正的，保险公司会对受托者进行补偿并且获得代位偿清的权利。如果是由于国际因素、不确定因素、本身缺陷或者委托人本身正常的货损所造成的货物损失或货物坏损，保险公司不需赔偿。最终，应由买方向卖方提出赔偿申明。Part 2. 高频词汇Risks &
11、 Coverage 险别All risk 综合险All risk 一切险（综合险）War risk 战争险Fire insurance 火险Marine insurance 海险Additional risk 附加险 Risk of leakage 渗漏险Hook damage 钩损险Risk of contamination 沾污险Total loss only （T.L.O）全损险Rain fresh water damage 淡水雨淋险Risk of clashing & breakage 碰损破碎险Theft, pilferage and nondelivery（T.P.N.D.）盗窃
12、提货不着险Damage caused by sweating and/or heating 受潮受热险Free from particular average（F.P.A）平安险With particular average（W.A）水渍险（基本险）Loss and/or damage caused by breakage of packing 包装破裂险Terms of insurance 保险术语Insurance 保险（费）Underwriter 保险商，保险承运人Insurance company 保险公司Insurer 保险人 Insurance broker 保险经纪人Insura
13、nce underwriter 保险承保人Insurance applicant 投保人The insured 受保人To cover insurance投保Insurance coverage 保险范围Insurance slip 投保单Insurance against risk 保险Insurance clause 保险条款Insurance instruction 投保通知Insurance conditios 保险条件Risk insured 承保险项Consignment 托运的货物Liability 责任Lodge a claim 提出索赔In question 目前的，正在考虑
14、的Insurance certificate 保险凭证Open policy 预约保险单，开口保险单Combined certificate 联合凭证Endorsement 保险批单Part 3. 常用句型及信函1. 我公司可以承担海洋运输的所有险别。 We can cover all the risks of ocean transportation.2. 保险将在货物从目的地港卸货以后到达仓库结束。 Insurance will terminate when the goods are delivered to the warehouse after discharge at the po
15、rt of the destination.3. 一切险的承包范围比平安险宽。 All risks have a broader coverage than FPA.4. 我们通常按发票金额的110%来投保。 We usually insure for 110% of the invoice value.5. 除水渍险和战争险外，请再投保破碎险。 Please cover insurance against breakage apart from WPA and War Risk.6. 买方承诺负担保险费连同运费。 Buyer will undertake to bear premium and freight.7. 按照国际惯例，除非买方要求，我们通常不投保偷窃提货不着险。 According to international practice, unless otherwise required by the buyer, we will not insure TPND.8. 请贵公司立即将你们所使用的费率告知，我们在此预谢。 Please inform us of your premium rate and wed like to thank you in advance.9. 保险由卖方根据海运货物保险条款投保。 Insuranc
