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1、专题五动词时态和语态常考点在高考英语中，动词的时态和语态是重中之重，试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。时态主动语态形式被动语态形式一般现在时am/is/are/do/doesam/is/are done一般过去时 was/were/didwas/were done现在完成时has/have donehas/have been done现在完成进行时has/have been doing/现在进行时am/is/are doingam/is/are b
2、eing done过去进行时was/were doingwas/were being done过去完成时had donehad been done将来完成时will/shall have donewill /shall have been done一般将来时will /shall doam/is/are going to doam/is/are coming/leavingam/is/are to doam/is/are about to dowill /shall be doneam/is/are to be done过去将来时would dowas going to dowas comin
3、g/leavingwas to dowas about to dowould be donewas/were to be done将来进行时will /shall be doing/一般现在时 一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理；表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来；表示预计或规定；方位副词或介词短语放在句首，主语是名词，且全部倒装时，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作；还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。用所给词的适当形式填空：Ill go there after I _(finish) my work.The water will
4、be further polluted unless some measures _(take)My train _(leave) at 6：30.A snow _(expect) to come next week.On the wall _(hang) a picture.This kind of cloth _(wash) well.Dont take it away. It _(belong) to me.He said water_(boil) at 100 .【答案】finishare takenleavesis expectedhangswashesbelongsboils一般过
5、去时和现在完成时 一般过去时(标志词：yesterday，just now，last year，the other day等)表示动作发生在过去，和现在毫无关系。现在完成时(标志词：since，in the past/last years，just，recent(ly)，lately，so farup to nowup until nowby now，already，yet，several/many/.times)则强调的是对现在的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。请区别下列几组句子：He has lived in London for three years.(现在还住在伦敦)He l
6、ived in London for three years.(现在不在伦敦了)Its two years since he smoked.(他不抽烟已两年了)Its two years since he began to smoke.(他抽烟已有两年了)This is the first/second/.time (that) I have_visited the school.This was the first/second/.time I had_visited the school. He was writing a book last year.(去年他在写一本书)He wrote
7、 a book last year.(去年他写了一本书)I thought he was an American.(我原以为他是美国人)I think he is an American.(我想他是美国人)用所给词的适当形式填空：I havent seen you for ages. Havent you graduated from college?Yes. I_(study) English for four years in Nanjing University.Where _ you_(put) my book? I cant find it anywhere.Although he
8、has lived with us for years，he _(not leave) us much impression.My brother is an actor. He _(appear) in several films in the past few years.Li Pin may not come tonight.But he _(promise)【答案】studiedhave；puthasnt lefthas appearedpromised过去完成时和将来完成时 过去完成时表示一件事情发生在过去，而另一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)。常用的时间状语有：by th
9、en，by that time，by the end of，before 2000，by the time，hardly/scarcely/rarely.when.和no sooner.than.注表示原打算做但未做的几种表达：I had hoped/expected/meant/intended/. to do.，but.I hoped/expected/. to have done.，but.I would like/love to have done.，but.I was to have done.，but.I was going to do.，but.I would have done
10、.，but.I was coming/leaving/arriving/., but.将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为“by将来的某个时间”。如：They will have completed the project by the end of next year.用所给词的适当形式填空：Helen _(leave) her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _(come) home.I _(hope) to meet Mr. Thompson this morning，but I
11、found nobody left in the room.By the time he _(return) home，the work had been finished.By the time he returns home，the work _(finish)We plan to reach the North Pole in midJuly，and by then we _(walk) for six weeks.【答案】had left；camehad hopedreturned; will have been finishedwill have walked现在进行时，过去进行时，
12、现在完成进行时和将来进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的情况，计划、安排要做的事，还可以表示反复出现的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always，continually，constantly连用；过去进行时表示过去某一刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作，还可以表示过去的将来动作；现在完成进行时表示动作的未完成性和暂时性，还可以表示感情色彩；将来进行时表示将来某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作。用所给词的适当形式填空：Have you moved into the new house?Not yet. The rooms _(paint)My father _(fall) while he
13、_(ride) his bicycle and _(hurt) himself.Why are her eyes red?She _(cry)He _(fly) over the Atlantic at this time tomorrow.You _ always _(watch) TV. Why not do something more active?Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?No，but we _(try) to get in touch with them ever since.【答案】are
14、being paintedfell；was riding；hurthas been cryingwill be flyingare；watchinghave been trying一般将来时 注意区别will do，be going to do，be about to do，be doing，be to do：will do表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势，此外，还表示临时决定；be going to do表示计划、打算要做某事，还表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推断；be about to do表示立即的将来，因此，不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用；有些动词如come，go，arrive，leave，begin等，其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划或安排将来要发生的动作或状态；be to do表示按计划或安排要做的事，意为“应该；想，打算；注定会”。用所给词的适当形式填空：Ladies and gentlemen，please fasten your safety belt
