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1、Public prosecution 公诉制度Common Law Legal System 普通法系Case law 判例法Written law 成文法Itinerant judge 巡回法官English royal court 英国皇家法院Writ 令状；诉讼启始令Special form of action 特殊诉讼形式Recourse 追索权Provisions of Oxford 牛津条例Writ upon the case 本案令状Ex aequo et bono 公平且善良Court of Chancery 衡平法院Relief 救济Specific performance实
2、际履行（或特定履行）Compensatory damages 金钱赔偿Injunction 强制令Division of title in the law of property 财产法上的所有权分割Barrister 诉讼律师(出庭律师)Solicitor 非诉律师（诉状律师）Advocacy 出庭辩护，代理诉讼Practicing lawyer 执业律师Legal instrument 法律文件Single practitioners 单独开业者Associate 非合伙人的律师House counsel 专职法律顾问State attorney 州检察官或州律师Appellate Cou
3、rt or Court of Appeals 上诉法院Probate Court 遗嘱检验法院Juvenile Court 青少年法院Court of Domestic Relations 家庭关系法院Small Claims Court 小额索赔法院Justice 大法官Judge 法官Justice of peace 治安法官Magistrate 司法官Associate justice 副（或助理）大法官Collegiate panel or collegiate bench 合议庭Judicial system 司法系统（制度）Two-tiered system 两级（审判）体制Jud
4、icial district 司法管辖区Intermediate Appellate Court 中级上诉法院Writ of certiorari 调案复审令Career judiciary 职业法官Popular vote 民众选举Code of judicial conduct 法官行为准则Private practitioner 私人开业律师Substantive law 实体法Procedural law 程序法Public law 公法Private law 私法Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union 联邦条例Amendments
5、修正案The Bill of Rights 人权法案Doctrine of constitutional supremacy 宪法至上原则Malfeasance 渎职行为（罪）Process of impeachment 弹劾程序Separation of powers 三权分立原则Checks and balances 制衡原则Executive acts and regulations 行政法令和条例Judicial interpretation 司法解释Judicial review 司法审查（权）Constitutionality 合宪性Acid test 酸度测试；严格检验Subje
6、cts 事项Adversary system 对抗制或抗辩制Jury system 陪审制Federal Rules of Civil Procedure联邦民事诉讼规则Sanctions 处分Waive 放弃Injunctive relief or damages 强制性救济或赔偿Restitutionary relief 复原性救济Ecclesiastical (court) 宗教（法庭）To display remedy 施行补救Umpire 仲裁人；裁判员The substantive principles of law实体法原则Preponderant evidence 优势证据Ar
7、biter 公断人；仲裁人Instructions 指示（书）Charge 指令Bench trial 法官审Discovery 要求告知Pretrial motions 审前动议Examine and cross-examine 盘问和交叉盘问Rebuttal evidence 反驳证据Retire to deliberate 退庭评议Mistrial 误审；未决审判；无效审判Evidence or testimony 证据或传言Privileged or hearsay 属于特免权的或传闻的Irrelevant evidence 无相关性证据The trier of fact 事实审定者（
8、陪审团）Sustained 得到（法官）的支持The inquisitorial procedure 纠问式诉讼Guilt 有罪Innocence 无罪 Burden of proof 证明责任Proof beyond a reasonable douobt 超出合理怀疑的证明Accusatorial system 控告式诉讼制度Charging instrument 指控文件Indictment or information 控告书The burden of going forward with the evidence 先行举证责任Presumption of innocence 无罪推定
9、Preponderance of evidence 优势证据Maritime tort 海上侵权行为 Compensation and damages 补偿费和损害赔偿金Intangible damage 无形损害contingent fee 胜诉酬金Conversion 非法占有（他人财产）Implied contract 默示合同Breach of warranty 违反保证诺言Express statutory provision 法律明文规定Embryo 胎儿The heirs or next of kin 继承人或近亲属Testator 立遗嘱人Wrongful death acti
10、on 非正常死亡之诉Intoxication of the tortfeasor 侵权行为人的醉酒Assault 意图伤害或者威胁伤害False imprisonment 非法拘禁Trespass to personal and real property 动产和不动产权的侵犯Alienation of affection 破坏他人夫妻关系Defamation 诽谤Invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私权Product liability 产品责任Tort liability for negligence 过失侵权责任Duty of care 注意义务A reasonable and
11、 prudent man 一个理性且谨慎的人Restrictive interpretation 限制性解释Trespasses 非法进入Transports gratuitously 免费运送Contributory negligence 共同过失“Comparative negligence” doctrine “比较过失”原则The doctrine of the “last clear chance” “最后明显机会”原则Insurance premiums 保险费Insurance proceeds 保险收益Parent corporation 母公司Subsidiary corpo
12、ration 子公司Brother-sister corporation 兄弟公司Profit corporation 营利公司Nonprofit corporation 非营利公司Publicly held corporation 公众持股公司Closely held corporation or close Corporation 内部持股公司Joint venture corporation 合资公司Shell corporation 空壳公司Individual proprietorship 个体业主Partnership 合伙General partnership 一般合伙The U
13、niform Partnership Act (UPA)统一合伙条例Articles of incorporation and bylaws组织章程和内部规章Assets and liabilities 资产和责任The principal place of business 主要营业地Insurance Law 保险法Consideration 对价Unjust enrichment 不当得利Offer 要约Acceptance 承诺Fraud 诈欺 Misrepresentation 虚假陈述Duress 强迫Unconscionablity 显失公平Contract performanc
14、e 合同履行Contract interpretation 对合同的解释Breach 违约Damages 赔偿金Remedy 补救方法Expectation damages 预期赔偿金Agreed upon remedies 补救协议Equitable relief 衡平救济Liquidated damages 预定违约金Settlement agreement 清偿协议Specific performance 实际履行Injunction 强制禁令Restitution 恢复原状Legal effect 法律效力Negotiable instruments 票据权Slander 诽谤Authority 权威性依据；法源Source (法律)渊源Primary aut
