《前浪漫主义和浪漫主义》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《前浪漫主义和浪漫主义（40页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Pre-Romanticism & Romanticism,Pre-Romanticism,Another conspicuous trend in the English literature of the latter half of the 18th century was the so-called pre-romanticism. It originated among the conservative groups of men of letters as a reaction against Enlightenment and found its most manifest ex
2、pression in the “Gothic novel,” the term arising from the fact that the greater part of such romances were devoted to the medieval times. The more notable of the Gothic Novels is The Castle of Otranto奥特朗托城堡(1765) by Horace Walpole贺拉斯瓦尔浦尔(1727-1797). But the more important pre-romanticist writers are
3、 the two famous poets, William Blake (1757-1821) and Robert Burns (1759-1796).,William Blake (1757-1821),Of all the romantic poets of the 18th century, Blake is the most independent and the most original. His best poems are collected in Songs of Innocence (1789) and Songs of Experience (1794). The S
4、ongs of Innocence is a lively volume of poems which represent a happy and innocent world although there are evil and suffering existing, while the Songs of Experience paints quite a different world, a world full of misery, poverty, war, and repression. The poems in Songs of Experience are gray, gloo
5、my and pessimistic.,Robert Burns (1759-1796),Robert Burns is an excellent native poet of Scotland. He is remembered mainly for his poems written in the Scottish dialect. He also created many lyrics praising nature, love, and friendship. Many of them have entered deeply into peoples hearts. These wor
6、ks are “A Red, Red Rose,” “My hearts in the Highland,” etc. Speaking of Burns, we can not forget his “Auld Lang Syne” (Old Long Ago) which have been sung as a parting song in many places of the world in different languages.,A Red Red Rose,This song was published in the Scots Musical Museum, 1796,No.
7、 402, to the tune “Major Graham,“ but is now invariablysung to a modern version of “Low down in the broom.“,The Form of “A Red, Red Rose”,It is written in four 4-line stanzas (quatrains), consisting of alternating tetrameter（四音步） and trimeter（三音步） lines. This means that the 1st and 3rd lines of each
8、 stanza have four stressed syllables, or beats, while the 2nd and 4th lines have three stressed syllables. Quatrains（四行诗） written in this manner are called ballad stanzas. The ballad is a old form of verse adapted for singing or recitation, originating in the days when most poetry existed in spoken
9、rather than written form. Though the ballad is generally rich in musical qualities such as rhythm and repetition, it often portrays both ideas and feelings in overwrought but simplistic terms.,A Red Red Rose,O, my luves like a red, red rose, Thats newly sprung in June. O, my luves like the melodie,
10、Thats sweetly playd in tune.,O, my love is like a red, red rose, That is newly sprung in June. O, my love is like the melody, That is sweetly played in tune.,啊，我爱人象红红的玫瑰， 它在六月里初开； 啊，我爱人象一支乐曲， 美妙地演奏起来。,A Red Red Rose,As fair art thou, my bonie lass, So deep in luve am I, And I will luve thee still, m
11、y Dear, Till a the seas gang dry.,As fair are you, my lovely lass, So deep in love am I, And I will love you still, my Dear, Till all the seas go dry.,你是那么美，漂亮的姑娘， 我爱你那么深切； 我要爱你下去，亲爱的， 一直到四海枯竭。,A Red Red Rose,Till a the seas gang dry, my Dear, And the rocks melt wi the sun! O I will luve thee still,
12、 my Dear, While the sands o life shall run.,Till all the seas go dry, my Dear, And the rocks melt with the sun! O I will love you still, my Dear, While the sands of life shall run.,一直到四海枯竭，亲爱的， 到太阳把岩石烧裂； 我要爱你下去，亲爱的， 只要是生命不绝。,A Red Red Rose,And fare thee weel, my only Luve, And fare thee weel a while
13、! And I will come again, my Luve, Tho it were ten thousand mile!,And fare you well, my only Love, And fare you well a while! And I will come again, my Love, Although it were ten thousand mile!.,再见吧我唯一的爱人， 我和你小别片刻； 我要回来的，亲爱的， 即使是万里相隔。,Similes & Metaphors,Similes: the speaker compares his love first w
14、ith a blooming rose in spring and then with a melody “sweetly playd in tune.“ Metaphor: in searching for the perfect metaphor to describe the “eternal“ nature of his love - the speaker inevitably comes up against loves greatest limitation, “the sands o life.“ This image of the hour-glass（沙漏） forces
15、the reader to reassess of the poems first and loveliest image: A “red, red rose“ is itself an object of an hour, “newly sprung“ only “in June“ and afterward subject to the decay of time.,Romanticism The democratization of poetry,A literary revolution against restrictions, rules and artificial conven
16、tions,Historical Background,French Revolution-Bastille in 1789. Industrialization-Invention of Steam Engine. Urbanization and shift from agricultural to industrial economy. Development of industrial capitalism.,Origins of Romanticism,The origin of Romanticism lies in the philosophy of Frenchman Jean Jacques Rousseau卢梭and the writings of German Johann Wolfgang von Goethe歌德. Rousseau championed individualism and freedom of thought: “I felt before I thought.” Goethe advocated i
