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1、什么是语法？,语法 语言的章法 语言的框架 词汇 Language,课程安排,宏观 写作 阅读 听力 微观73373 七种句子成分 三种句子类型 三大类从句 七宗罪 三种特殊句型 学习了解西方社会的思想文化背景,句子的七种成分,主谓宾 定状补 同位语 句子的核心谓语,谓语,词性动词 谓语动词的个数1 造句：有许多同学都想出国 有there be 许多同学many students 都想出国want to go abroad. There are many students want to go abroad. There are many students wanting to go abro
2、ad. There are many students who want to go abroad.,造句,许多地方性的报纸和国家发行的报纸都刊登有关于假期的广告和信息。 地方性的local 国家的 national 有 there be There are advertisements and information about holidays on many local and national newspapers. Many local and national newspapers carry advertisements and information about holiday
3、s.,主语,名词 代词 动名词（v-ing） 不定式（to do） 名词性从句 主语从句,名词作主语,一些城市，地区和国家貌似比其他的地区和国家拥有更好的教育。 城市地区国家some towns, cities, regions and countries 貌似seem to have 更好的教育better education Some towns, cities, regions and countries seem to have better education than others.,动名词作主语,动名词v-ing 同其他孩子在一起并且分享经验能够使孩子更有社交能力。 同其他孩子在
4、一起spend time with other children 分享经验share experiences 能够can 使孩子更有社交能力make children more sociable Spend time with other children and share experiences can make children more sociable. Spending time with other children and sharing experiences can make children more sociable.,不定式作为主语,在工作有压力时，保持冷静是很重要的
5、。 保持冷静 keep calm 是很重要的 be important Keep calm while working under pressure is important. To keep calm while working under pressure is important. It is important to keep calm while working under pressure.,主语从句作为主语,That she used to be a man shocked me. She used to be a man. X shocked me. It shocked me
6、 that she used to be a man. It is said It is said that she used to be a man. That she used to be a man is said.,宾语,名词 代词 动名词（v-ing） 不定式（to do） 名词性从句 宾语从句,主谓宾/主系表,系表结构 系动词+表语 be, become, seem, appear 表语,修饰成分定语,定语 “的” 修饰名词 形容词 贝多芬是一个天生的音乐家。 天生的定语 Beethoven is a natural musician.,名词充当定语前置,规律： 名词短语 N1 +
7、 N2 中心词永远是最后一个名词N2 前面的名词N1作为定语。 Eg. a table cloth a college student,有关 Of 的那点事,of prep. “的”,of 前后连接名词短语,the + N1 + of + N2 the beauty of nature the book of the teacher the screen of the computer the protection of nature the criticism of the teacher the screening of harmful information,of 前后连接名词短语,规律
8、： the + N1 + of + N2 中 of 的理解方法 N1是普通名词，则 of 结构翻译成： N2的N1 2) N1是动词V1变来的名词，且V1与N2为动宾关系，则 of 结构翻译成： 对N2的N1,of 前后连接名词短语,the beauty of nature the protection of nature the book of the teacher the criticism of the teacher the screen of the computer the screening of harmful information,the criticism of the
9、 teacher VS the criticism of the teachers,练习,the softness of the policy the softening of the policy the price of this product the pricing of this product the manager of this company the management of this company,名词词组的中心词判定（1）,规律：of连接名词词组的中心词判定 (1) the + N1 + of + N2 N1永远都是中心词 (2) a/an + N1 + of + N
10、2 分情况讨论： 如果N1是普通名词，则N1是中心词 a book of history 如果N1是单位名词，则N2为中心词 a cup of tea a series of books,名词词组的中心词判定 （1）,练习： the number of students a number of students the series of books a series of books the school of fish a school of fish,不定式作定语,The old provide the young with enough money to spend. the + ad
11、j. n + (to do) 每个人，不论男女，都有在大学学习的同等机会。 定语在大学学习的 不论男女male or female Everyone, male or female, has equal opportunities to study in universities.,介词结构作定语,穿裙子的男人 The man in the skirt is Xiao Shenyang.,分词作定语修饰名词,现在分词：v-ing 过去分词：v-ed bite vt. & vi. 现在分词： biting 过去分词： bitten 过去式： bit 咬；叮；蛰,good dog bad dog
12、biting dog bitten dog dog-bitten people people-biting dog,分词作定语修饰名词,修饰名词的分词到底是用现在分词？ 还是过去分词？ 分词原形动词和被修饰的名词构成主动关系还是被动关系。,分词作定语修饰名词,主动语态： Dog bites people. S V O People bites dog. S V O,被动语态： People is bitten by dog. S V Dog is bitten by people. S V,S Subject 主语 V Verb 动词 O Object 宾语,分词作定语修饰名词,结论： 主动语
13、态的句子中 主语和动词之间构成主动关系， 动词和宾语之间构成被动关系。 被动语态的句子中 主语和动词之间构成被动关系， 动词和由by引出的施动者 之间构成主动关系。,分词作定语修饰名词,biting dog bitten people biting people bitten dog,accepted attitudes 被接受的态度 unspoken beliefs 未被说出的信念 manufacturing family 制造业家庭,名词-分词混合结构作定语,bitten people 被咬的人 思考：怎样表达“被狗咬的人”？ dog-bitten people,名词-分词混合结构作定语,
14、This is a _ refrigerator. A. power-consuming B. power-consumed This is the _ power. refrigerator-consuming refrigerator-consumed consume vt. 消费；消耗；用,名词-分词混合结构作定语,people-biting dog 咬人的狗 Dog dog-bitten people 被狗咬的人 People,people-bitten dog 被人咬的狗 Dog is bitten by people. dog-biting people 咬狗的人 People b
15、ites dog.,bites,people.,is bitten by,dog.,名词-分词混合结构作定语,练习： Jason is a work-consumed manager. Jason is a resource-consuming manager. Mary is a heart-breaking girl. Mary is a heart-broken girl. The book interests me. Jack interests me.,从句作定语,定语从句 “的”,定语从句,Any teacher would be dismissed instantly. Any
16、teacher who hit children would be dismissed instantly.,Teacher hit children.,who,状语,作用：修饰动词，形容词，或者整个句子 可以作为状语的词： 副词 介词短语（介宾） 动词不定式 分词 从句,副词做状语,他们通常会比其他的孩子更有自信。 通常generally They are generally more confident than other children.,介宾结构,这一周以来，我都感觉我有点病了。 这一周以来for a week I have been feeling slightly ill for a week.,动词不定式作状语,我到这里来，是为了和你说再见。 I come here only to say go
