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1、名词性从句,Related Conception (相关概念),1.名词:,表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。,2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?,名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。,The boy is li Ming.,主语,表语,Mr. Liang , a 24-year-old boy, teaches us English .,主语,同位语,宾语,在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。,什么是名词性从句?,名词性从句,主语从句 ( The Subject Clause),宾语从句 ( The Object C
2、lause),表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause),同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause),名词性从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,主语从句在句中做- 宾语从句在句中做- 表语从句在句中做- 同位语从句在句中-,主语,宾语,表语,同位语,1. That he will come is certain.,2. I know that he will come.,3. The truth is that I have been there.,4. The fact that she was late surprised us.,为什么叫名
3、词性从句？ _,整个从句相当于一个名词,比较:,The man looked around. That the boy failed again in the exam disappointed his mother.,同样作主语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义,一般是个动作或性质,I know him. I know that he is writing his composition in his room,2. 为什么要有名词性从句？,那人看了看四周. (名词作主语),那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很失望. (从句作主语),我知道他在房间里写作文.,从句的特征:,是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做
4、从句的一个成分 (that 除外),名词能做的成分,从句都能做,从句表达的意思比名词复杂得多,请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句,What I want to do is taking a bath. The news that they won the game spread the whole school. I dont think he is an honest boy. The fact is that he stole the car. Do you know the fact that he stole the car? Do you know the man who is stan
5、ding over there? It is said that they won the game.,(主从),(同位语从句),(宾从),(表从),(同位语从句),(定从),(主从),主语从句,that whether who whom whose what which when where why how,从 句 引导词:,1. That he knows Japanese is known to all.,他懂英语,这一点大家都知道,令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他.,3. When he will come is unknown .,4. Whether he is coming doesnt
6、 matter much.,他来不来没什么要紧的,他什么时候来不清楚.,他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密.,5. It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.,主语从句的位置 1.在句首 2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用 It,主语太长了!放到句尾,Details,Details,Details,Details,That无词义,不可省略,What “什么”, “所.的”,2. What surprised me was to see him here .,When “什么时候”,主语从句不用 if,位于句首,主语从句,主语从句在
7、复合句中做句子的主语。,1. That most of these are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain.,2. Why he failed the exam wasnt clear.,4. It is a pity that she cannot come.,3. Whether he has failed the exam wasnt clear.,2） 主语从句的连接词,1. 连词that (无词义, 不作成分, 不能省略, 只起连接作用); whether(是否
8、), 不作成分, 不用if. That he will come and help us is certain. Whether we will succeed is still a question.,注意: 已确定的事由that引导; 没决定的事由whether引导.,他星期三来这里是肯定的。,That he will come here on Wednesday is certain.,注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上从属连词that,他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。,Whether he will come here on Wednesday is not certain
9、.,注意：that 引导的主语从句放在句首很少，只是为了强调或谓语较长时才这样,3.连接副词when(ever), where(ever), how(ever), why, how long, how often, how soon, how far, how many / much 等.,When the test will be given is not yet decided. How much we can spend must be agreed on.,2. 连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, which, whichever, whose等. 在从
10、句做主语/宾语/表语,What you said is perfectly true. (宾语) Whoever comes will be welcome. 谁来都欢迎,连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。 在主语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、状语 这些连接词不能省略；,注意,What caused the accident is a complete mystery. (主) Whatever she said was right. (宾语) Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得
11、而知。 Whoever comes to the party will receive a present. （主语）,When hell be back depends much on the weather. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. (状语) 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 Why he failed the exam wasnt clear. (状语) How the book will sell depends on its author. (状语),3）注意事项：,为了使
12、句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻，主语从句常用“it”作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面。 主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：,It is known to us that he will come here.,（1） It + be + 形容词 + 主语从句 （2）It + be + 名词 + 主语从句 （3）It + 不及物动词 + 主语 从句 （4）It + 及物 动词的被动语态 +主语从句,常用句型如下：,It + be + 形容词 主语从句,It is necessary/ important that . 是有必要/重要的 It is obvious/ clear that
13、 很明显 It is certain / true that 是肯定的 It is true that 是事实 It is strange that 很奇怪 It is natural that 是很自然的,It + be + 名词 主语从句,It is a pity/a shame 真遗憾 It is a surprise . 令人惊奇的是 It is a fact 事实是 It is an honor 是我的荣幸 It is a wonder 是奇迹,It + 不及物动词 that从句,It appears/ seems that 似乎/ 看起来 It happens that . 碰巧
14、It occurred to me that 我突然想起 It doesnt matter whether,It + be + -ed分词 主语从句,It is believed/ thought that 人们相信 It is well known to us/all that . 众所周知 It has been decided that 已经决定 It is said / reported that 据听说/ 据报道 Eg:It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。,It +及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句,It
15、is a pity that we cant go. It is certain that she will do well in her exam. It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.,2. 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”， 常用的句型有：,It is necessary (important, natural, strang
16、e, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that,主语从句中的虚拟语气,It is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted + that (should) do It is important, necessary, natural, desirable, strange, advisable, impossible+ that (should) do It is a pity, a shame, no wonder (
