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1、能力提升题组训练(B) .阅读理解 A The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness,uneasiness,or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortabl
2、e; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people,just as some traditional C
3、hinese and Thai persons do.Therefore,when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops,what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures,silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silen
4、ce in other ways,particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example,Russian,French,and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However,Mexicans may use silence when
5、 instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use,persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect,particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the
6、possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands
7、 the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 1.What does the author say about silence in conversations? A.It implies anger. B.It promotes friendship. C.It is culture-specific.D.It is content-based. 2.Which of t
8、he following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A.The Chinese. B.The French. C.The Mexicans. D.The Russians. 3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.B.Break it while treating patients. C.Evaluate its harm to patients.
9、 D.Make use of its healing effects. 4.What may be the best title for the text? A.Sound and Silence B.What It Means to Be Silent C.Silence to Native Americans D.Speech Is Silver;Silence Is Gold 语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下具有不同的内涵。 答案及剖析: 1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段内容,尤其是第一句 The meaning of silence varies among c
10、ultural groups 可知,人们在交流时,沉默是有文化特性的。故选 C 项。 2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people,just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.及最后一句 In these cultures,silence is a call for reflection.内容可知选 A 项。 3.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句 A
11、nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.可知选 D 项。 4.B 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间沉默的不同含义。因此 B 项适合作 为本文的标题。 B Bioengineers at the University of California,San Diego have developed a new blo
12、od test that could detect(探测) cancer and locate where in the body the tumor is growing.The study could provide a way to diagnose(诊断) cancer early on without having to do invasive surgical procedures like biopsies(活组织检查). Cancer blood tests work by screening for DNA released by dying tumor cells.Thes
13、e tests are showing promise for detecting traces of tumor DNA in the blood of cancer patients.However,the results dont indicate where the tumor is.“Knowing the tumors location is critical for effective early detection,”said Kun Zhang,a bioengineering professor and senior author of the study. In this
14、 study,Zhang and his team discovered a new clue in blood that could both detect tumor cells and identify where they are.When a tumor starts to take over a part of the body,it competes with normal cells for nutrients and space,killing them off in the process.As normal cells die,they release their DNA
15、 into the bloodstream and that DNA could identify the affected tissue. The method screens for a particular DNA signature called CpG methylation haplotypes.Each tissue in the body can be identified by its unique signature of methylation haplotypes. “We made this discovery by accident.Initially,we wer
16、e taking the conventional approach and just looking for cancer cell signals and trying to find out where they were coming from.But we were also seeing signals from other cells and realized that if we integrate both sets of signals together,we could actually determine the presence or absence of a tumor,and where the tumor is growing,”Zhang said. To develop their new method,the researchers put together a database of the complete CpG methylation patterns of 10 different normal t
