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1、纳 米 材 料 Nanomaterials,3.1 什么是纳米？ Whats a nano?,Nano!?,“Theres Plenty of Room at the Bottom ”,Why cannot we write the entire 24 volumes of the Encyclopedia Brittanica on the head of a pin?,Richard P. Feynman,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965,Nanotechnol,Nanometre,Nano-,stuff,Nanoscience,Nanobots,A part
2、 of science that studies small stuff.,Its not biology, physics or chemistry. Its all sciences that work with the very small.,Nanoscience,Nanotechnol,Nanometre,Nano-,stuff,Nano-Produ,Nanoscience,Nanobots,A prefix that means very, very, small.,The word nano is from the Greek word Nanos meaning Dwarf.
3、It is a prefix used to describe “one billionth“ of something, or 0.000000001.,Nano:,Understanding Size,1 metre source: CERN http:/microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm,10 centimetres source: CERN http:/microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm,Understanding Size,Understanding Size,1 centimetre source: CERN http:/mi
4、crocosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm,Understanding Size,100 micrometres source: CERN http:/microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm,Understanding Size,10 micrometres source: CERN http:/microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm,Understanding Size,1 micrometre source: CERN http:/microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm,Understanding Si
5、ze,100 nanometres source: CERN http:/microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm,Understanding Size,10 nanometres source: CERN http:/microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm,Understanding Size,1 nanometre source: CERN http:/microcosm.web.cern.ch/microcosm,Nanotechnol,Nanometre,Nano-,stuff,Nanoscience,Nanobots,Nanotechno
6、logy,Includes advances in all industries, including the electronic, chemical, and pharmaceutical.,The art and science of making useful stuff that does stuff on the nanometre length scale.,What is nanotechnology,Creation of functional materials, devices, and systems. 制造功能材料、器件和系统 Control of matter on
7、 the nanometer (1-100 nm) length scale. 操纵纳米尺度的物质 Exploitation of novel properties and phenomena developed at that scale. 探索纳米尺度产生的新性质和新现象,Nanotechnology Growth,S. Milunovich, J. Roy. United States Technology Strategy. Merrill Lynch. 4 Sept. 2001,3.2 纳米技术的起源和发展 How it all started ,birth of an era, B
8、ell Laboratories 1947,this article, Scientific American, Sep. 1948, offers the earliest survey of transistor technology,Point Contact Transistor,Nobel Prize in Physics 1956,基于他们在半导体和晶体管效应的贡献,transistors made of semiconductors 半导体晶体管,pure semiconductor,doped semiconductor,pure semiconductor 纯半导体,dope
9、d semiconductor 掺杂半导体,1st integrated circuit made by Texas Instruments 1958 - Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce,inventing the integrated circuit 集成电路的发明,- many transistors and complex circuits on single substrate -,modern integrated circuit each chip contains many millions transistors,Nobel Prize in Physi
10、cs 2000,“for basic work on information and communication technology“,“for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed and optoelectronics“,“for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit“,Zhores I Alferov,Herbert Kroemer,Jack S Kilby,基于他们在信息和通信技术的工作,integrated circuits 集成电路
11、 heart of the computer,Gordon Moore “every 1.5 years complexity doubles”,. Moores law governs,Scaling Down,drive for ,from age of microelectronics to nanoelectronics,从微电子时代到纳电子时代,Top-down（自上而下）,Nanotechnology is the next step after miniaturisation.,microelectronics,nanoelectronics,Ultimate Nanotechn
12、ology would be to build at the level of one atom at a time and to be able to do so with perfection.,Arranged one way, atoms make up soil, air and water. Arranged another way they make up strawberries or smoke.,Bottom-up（自下而上）,Materials Stain-resistant clothes Health Care Chemical and biological sens
13、ors, drugs and delivery devices,3.3 Potential Impacts of Nanotechnology,Thin layers of gold are used in tiny medical devices,Carbon nanotubes can be used for H fuel storage,Possible entry point for nanomedical device,Technology Better data storage and computation Environment Clean energy, clean air,
14、Materials: Stain Resistant Clothes,Nano pants that refuse to stain; Liquids bead up and roll off,Nano-Care fabrics with water, cranberry juice, vegetable oil, and mustard after 30 minutes (left) and wiped off with wet paper towel (right),Nanofibers create cushion （垫）of air around fabric 10 nm carbon
15、 whiskers bond with cotton Acts like peach fuzz（桃毛）; many liquids roll off,Materials: Paint That Doesnt Chip,Protective nanopaint for cars Water and dirt repellent Resistant to chipping and scratches Brighter colors, enhanced gloss In the future, could change color and self-repair?,Mercedes covered
16、with tougher, shinier nanopaint,Environment: Paint That Cleans Air,Nanopaint on buildings could reduce pollution When exposed to ultraviolet light, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in paint break down organic and inorganic pollutants that wash off in the rain Decompose air pollution particles like formaldehyde,Buildings as air purifiers?,Sources: http:/ Nano Solar C
