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1、,English on Mechanical Engineering Lesson 2 Lathes,Text,The basic machines that are designed primarily to do turning, facing and boring are called lathe. In turning the workpiece, a cutter moves in the direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the workpiece or at the angle to the axis, cutting o
2、ff the metal from the surface of the workpiece. The bed is the backbone of a lathe. Two sets of parallel, longitudinal ways, inner and outer, are contains on the bed, usually on the upper side. Some makers use an inverted V-shape for all four ways, whereas others utilize one inverted V and one flat
3、way in one or both sets.,The headstock is mounted in a fixed position on the inner ways at one end of the lathe bed. It provides a powered means of rotating the work at various speeds. It consists, essentially, of a hollow spindle, mounted in accurate bearings, and a set of transmission gears though
4、 which the spindle can be rotated at a number of speed. Most lathes provide from eight to eighteen speeds, usually in a geometric ratio and on modern lathes all the speeds can be obtained merely by moving from two to four levers. An increasing trend is to provide a continuously variable speed range
5、through electrical or mechanical drives. The inner end of the spindle protrudes from the gear-box and contains a means for mounting various types of chucks, face plates, and dog plates on it.,Text,The tailstock assembly consists, essentially, of three parts. A lower casting fits on the inner ways of
6、 the bed and can slide longitudinally thereon, with a means for clamping the entire assembly in any desired location. An upper casting fits on the lower one and can be moved transversely upon it on some type of keyed ways. This transverse motion permits aligning the tailstock and headstock spindles
7、and provides a method of turning tapers. The third major component of the assembly is the tailstock quill.,Text,This is hollow steel cylinder, usually about 2 to 3 inches in diameter, that can be moved several inches longitudinally in and out of the upper casting by means of a handwheel and screw. T
8、he open end of the quill hole terminates in a Morse taper in which a lathe center, or various tools such as drills, can be held. A graduated scale, several inches in length, usually is engraves on the outside of the quill to aid in controlling its motion in and out of the upper casting. A locking de
9、vice permits clamping the quill in any desired position.,Text,Text,The carriage assembly provides the means for mounting and moving cutting tools. The carriage is a relatively flat H-shaped casting that rests and moves on the outer set of ways on the bed. The transverse bar of the carriage contains
10、ways on which the cross slide is mounted and can be moved by means of a feed screw that is controlled by a small handwheel and a graduated dial. Though the cross slide a means is provided for moving the lathe tool in the direction normal to the axis of rotation of the work.,Text,On most lathes the t
11、ool post actually is mounted on a compound rest. This consists of a base, which is mounted on the cross slide so that it can be pivoted about a vertical axis, and an upper casting. The upper casting is mounted on ways on this base so that it can be moved back and forth and controlled by means of a s
12、hort lead screw operated by a handwheel and a calibrated dial.,Text,Manual and powered motion for the carriage, and powered motion for the cross slide, is provided by mechanisms within the apron, attached to the front of the carriage. Manual movement of the carriage along the bed is effected by turn
13、ing a handwheel on the front of the apron, which is geared to a pinion on the back side. This pinion engages a rack that is attached beneath the upper front edge of the bed in an inverted position.,1.machine n.机器, 机械, vt.机器制造 2.machine tool ： 机床，工具机 3.turning machine =Lathe 车床，旋车 drilling machine 钻床
14、drill v.训练, 钻孔n.演练 milling machine 铣床mill vt. 铣削，碾磨 n. 磨坊, 磨粉机, 工厂, 制造厂 grinding machine 磨床grind v.磨(碎), 碾(碎) planning machine 龙门刨床 shaping machine 牛头刨床成形机 boring machine 镗床bore v. 镗（钻）孔, 车镗 孔、使烦扰 n. 镗孔, 枪膛 bending machine 折弯机床 forming machine 成形机床 stamping machine 冲压机床stamp v. 压印n.邮票, 图章 4. facing
15、n. 车端面衣服等的贴边, 饰面,Words and Expressions:,部分机械工程常用术语 horizontal turning machine 卧式车床 vertical milling machine 立式铣床 NC machine 数控机床(numerical control) CNC machine 计算机数控机床 Machining center 加工中心 CAD（Computer aided Design) 计算机辅助设计 CAM（Computer aided Manufacturing)计算机辅助制造 FMS（Flexible Manufacturing System
16、柔性制造系统 CIMS(Computer Integrated Manufacturing System) 计算机集成制造系统,Words and Expressions:,5.workpiece n.工件, 加工件 work, part, article, component 6.cutter n.刀具, 切割机 7.parallel adj.平行的, 并联的n.平行线, 平行面v. 平行 8.vertical adj.垂直的, 直立的n.垂直线, 垂直面 9.axis n. 轴, 几何轴线axes(复) 10.shaft 轴，传动轴 11.rotation n.旋转 12.angle n.数角, 角度，角落 ponent n.成分adj.组成的, 构成的 14.bed n. 基础, 基座，床身，床 vt.安
