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1、Figure Interpretation 数字口译,数字位数表达不同,数字：1，0 0 0，0 0 0，0 0 0，0 0 0 中文：兆千 百 十 亿 千 百 十 万 千 百 十 个 亿 亿 亿 万 万 万 英文：tr hb tb b hm tm m hth tth th h,数字表达单位不同,斤、亩、里 Gram, kilomter, hectare mile, foot, inch,口译中经常遇到一些模糊数字，如“几个”、“十几个”、“几十个”、“成百上千个”等等。模糊数字的口译虽也有一定的规律，但主要靠平时熟记，用时才能熟练自如，准确无误。注意以下模糊数字的口译,模糊数字的口译,几个
2、十几个 几十个 几十年 七十好几了 好几百个 成千上万 /千千万万 几十万,some; a few;/several; a number of more than 10; no more than twenty dozens of Decades well over seventy hundreds of thousands of hundreds of thousands of,by+数字/ to+数字/ at+数字的短语,to 利润从1.05亿元降到7500万元左右。 A drop in profits from $105 million to $75 million. by 房价上涨了1
3、0%。 House prices went up by 10%. at 中国经济年均增长9.4% Chinas economy grows at an annual rate of 9.4%.,特殊倍数的表达,到2020年实现国内生产总值比2000年翻两番,达到40,000亿美元左右 Quadruple By 2020, Chinas GDP will quadruple that of 2000 to approximately USD 4 trillion. 今年的粮食产量比去年增长2成. 20% The output of grain this year increased by 20%
4、 over the last year.,Useful verbs,位居世界第二 Is ranked the second/ 中国经济总量位居世界第六，进出口贸易额居世界第四。 Chinas economy is ranked the 6th in the world and its foreign trade is ranked the 4th. China is the worlds sixth largest economy and the fourth largest trader. 上涨，增长 To rise, to increase, to climb, to go up, to
5、jump, to soar A sharp/considerable/slight increase/ rise 下降，减少 To fall, to drop, to decline, to decrease, to reduce，to go down A sharp/slight drop/decline,Total 总计 去年收入总计人民币150亿元，比上年增长20% The revenue of last year totaled RMB 15 b yuan, a 20% increase over the previous year.,Short expressions Very Us
6、eful!,今年为, 比上年上涨了 , a % increase over the previous/last year , up %. , tons more than last year. 全年产量 The annual output of 年均进口增速达到20% The import grows at an annual rate of 20%.,国民经济继续保持平稳较快增长。国内生产总值超过30万亿元，比上年增长9%；物价总水平涨幅得到控制；财政收入6.13万亿元，增长19.5%；粮食连续五年增产，总产量10570亿斤，创历史最高水平。 The national economy con
7、tinued to maintain steady and rapid growth. GDP topped 30 trillion yuan, an increase of 9% over the previous year. Overall price rises were held in check. Government revenue was 6.13 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.5%. Grain output rose for the fifth consecutive year and totaled 528.5 million tons,
8、 a record high.,百分数、小数、分数的口译,8%eight percent 15%fifteen percent 42%forty-two percent 4.35%four point three five percent 0.5%point five percent 4.032four point naught three two 71.006seventy-one point naught naught six 1/2one half; a half 1/3one third 1/4a quarter 3/5three-fifths 7/8seven-eighths,1/1
9、0one-tenth 1/100one-hundredth；one percent 1/1000one-thousandth 14/1000fourteen-thousandths 1/10000one-ten thousandths 2-1/2two and a half 4-2/3four and two-thirds,英汉倍数的表达有相似之处，也有不同。英汉互译时要特别注意不同的英语句型和表达方法所表示的倍数概念与汉语不同。英语用times 表示倍数。无论在何种句型中都表示乘的关系，即包括基数在内的倍数。请注意以下表示倍数的英语句型及其含义： A is N times larger（lo
10、nger，heavier）than B. A is larger（longer，heavier）than B by N times. A is N times as large（long，heavy）as B. 这三句英语的含义都是“A的大小(长度、重量)是B的N倍”，或者“A比B大（长、重）N-1倍”。,增/减倍数的口译,(1) The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球的大小是月球的49倍。(或地球比月球大48倍) (2) Since mid-century, the global economy has nearly quintupled
11、, While the population has doubled, demand for grain has nearly tripled, and the burning of fossil fuels has increased nearly fourfold. 自本世纪中叶以来，全球经济增长了将近四倍，人口翻了一番。结果，粮食的需求增加了近两倍，石油燃料增加了近三倍。 (3) Within 30 years there will be twice as many urban people as countryside people in the world. 30年内，全世界的城市居
12、民将是农村人口的两倍。 (4) Although London covers less than 400,000 acres, it needs nearly 50 million acre-125 times its area-to provide it with food, timber, and other resources, and to absorb its pollution. 虽然伦敦占地不到40万英亩，却需要近5000万英亩的土地125倍于它本身的面积来供给它食品，原木和其他资源，并吸收它产生的污染物。,汉语倍数的表示法归纳起来有两类： 第一类表示是(原数的)几倍，几倍于(原
13、数)或增加到(原数的)几倍。 第二类表示(比原数)大几倍或(比原数)增加了几倍；这两类说法含义不同。 第一类表示包括基数在内的倍数，与英语倍数表示法的含义相同。 第二类表示净增倍数。 因此，汉语倍数的英译首先要区分不同含义，选用恰当的句型，灵活准确地表达。如果用能N times/表示英语的包括基数在内的倍数，那么汉语的第二类表示“增加了几倍”的英译就要用 (N+1) times 来表示。,例如： 去年这个公司手机的销量增长了近一倍（为原来的两倍）。 The sales volume of portable phones of this company increased nearly twic
14、e last year. The sales volume of portable phones of this company nearly doubled last year.,汉语增加倍数的说法很多，英译时，首先要仔细区分是包括基数在内的增加倍数还是净增倍数，然后决定用N times 还是（N+1）times 来表达。 例如： (1) 过去20年中，中国的国内生产总值增长了近五倍。 In the past 20 years, Chinas gross domestic product increased nearly six times. (2) 1978年至1997年，中国人均生产总值
15、增长了3.4倍。 Chinas per capita GDP went up by 4.4 times between 1978 and 1997.,(3) 中国城镇居民人均居住面积由1978年的3.6平方米提高到1997年的8.8平方米，增加1.4倍。 The per capita living space for urban residents in China expanded from 3.6 square meters in 1978 to 8.8 square meters in 1997, a rise of 2.4 times. (4) 1949年至1998年, 中国的粮食总产
16、量由1.1亿吨增加到5.1亿吨, 增长3.5倍, 年平均增长3.1%, 是人口增长率的2.5倍。 Chinas total grain output increased from 110 million tons in 1949 to 510 million tons in 1998, or an increase of over 4.5 times, with an average annual growth rate of 3.1 percent, 2.5 times that of the population growth. (5) 1997年, 全国高等学校在校生总数为608万人, 其中研究生18万人, 分别是1979年的2.2倍和9.6倍。 In 1997，6.08 million students were studying in colleges
