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1、有机化学A1,主讲教师：李艳梅 教授 清华大学化学系E-mail: URL: http:/ 1,Introduction第一章 绪论,Organic Chemistry A (1)By Prof. Li Yan-MeiTsinghua University,Content,Part I Organic compounds and organic chemistry - History 第一部分 有机化合物与有机化学 历史简介Part II Fundamental Knowledge 第二部分 基础知识 Structure, reaction & Classification Formulas
2、Nomenclature NMR, IR, UV & MS,1. Organic compounds and organic chemistry第一部分 有机化合物和有机化学,1.1 Introduction and a brief history 有机化学历史简介 1.2 Character of organic compound 有机化合物的特性 1.3 Research fields in organic chemistry 有机化学研究领域 1.4 The methods to study organic chemistry and how to learn organic chemi
3、stry 有机化学研究方法及如何学习有机化学课程,1.1 Introduction and a brief history 有机化学历史简介,有机化学 ？,有机化合物 ？,Starch（淀粉）,Gasoline（汽油）,Salicylic acid,Acetylsalicylic acid,乙酰水杨酸（阿斯匹林）,Formalinaqueous solution of formaldehyde,Organic Chemistry in the History,To make human body into a mummy, formalin was often employed in anci
4、ent Egypt.,甲 醛,古埃及人利用有机化合物处理尸体,周礼,Vinegar production has already become an expect technology by Zhou dynasty. 制醋,The demise of vitalism,In ancient ages, mixtures of organic compounds were abstracted from natural products. Chinese traditional drug, dye, and perfume are of this kind.,1828, preparation
5、 of urea from inorganic compounds indicates the demise of “vitalism”.,In 1806, famous chemist, Berzelius J. first used the word “organic chemistry”, and states, organic compounds could not be produced without “vital force（生命力）”,The fact that organic compounds could be obtained from inorganic compoun
6、ds without the help of organism was not accepted for a long time.In 1845 acetic acid and in 1854 ester were separately synthesized from inorganic compounds, indicating the final demise of vitalism.,兴趣阅读： See appendix file 0001: Letter between Whler and his adviser, Berzelius. See appendix file 0002:
7、 Whlers paper on synthesis of urea See appendix file 0003: Problems and answers on the urea synthetic paper (from Yale University),氰酸铵,A brief history,1900,2000,1800,Synthesis of urea,Friedrich Whler,Important events on organic chemistry,Means of “Organic chemistry” “有机化学”的含义,Kekl and Gmelin defined
8、 organic chemistry as “chemistry of carbonaceous compounds”将“有机化合物”定义为“含碳的化合物”，则“有机化学”即为“研究含碳化合物的化学”Of course, many carbonaceous compounds are not organic compounds,1865,Schorlemmers definition 肖莱马的定义,Based on chemical structural theory, Schorlemmer defined organic compound as “ hydrocarbon and its
9、derivatives”, and organic chemistry as “chemistry of hydrocarbon and its derivatives”.“碳氢化合物及其衍生物”,Hint,分类的关键： “性质”！ 而不是“组成”,1. Organic compounds and organic chemistry第一部分 有机化合物和有机化学,1.1 Introduction and a brief history 有机化学历史简介 1.2 Character of organic compound 有机化合物的特性 1.3 Research fields in organ
10、ic chemistry 有机化学研究领域 1.4 The methods to study organic chemistry and how to learn organic chemistry 有机化学研究方法及如何学习有机化学课程,1.2 Character of organic compound 有机化合物的特性,Physical Properties,Low melting point 熔点低Low boiling point 沸点低High volatility 挥发性大Often insoluble 多数难溶于水Density often lower than water 比重
11、一般比水小,Chemical Properties,稳定性不如无机物 Less stable 易燃 Inflammation反应速度慢 Low reaction rate副反应多 Frequent side reaction,1. Organic compounds and organic chemistry第一部分 有机化合物和有机化学,1.1 Introduction and a brief history 有机化学历史简介 1.2 Character of organic compound 有机化合物的特性 1.3 Research fields in organic chemistry
12、 有机化学研究领域 1.4 The methods to study organic chemistry and how to learn organic chemistry 有机化学研究方法及如何学习有机化学课程,1.3 Research fields in organic chemistry 有机化学研究领域,Nature Product Chemistry 天然产物化学,Separated, or extracted chemicals from nature products.Eg. Hormones, Auxin, Pheromone,Structure Determination
13、结构测定,Spectroscopic,NMRIRUltra ViolateMass spectrometry,Nonspectroscopic,Elementary analysis,Organic Synthesis 有机合成,Reaction Mechanism 反应机理,Cross science 与其它学科渗透 eg. with life science,Life procedure is consisted of chemical reactions of biological molecules, the transformation of matter and energy. C
14、hemical biology aims to explore the life procedure on the molecular level.,Chemical theories and methods,Life science,with environment engineering,To reduce pollutionTo extract useful compounds from injurants,Green Chemistry,绿 色 化 学,1. Organic compounds and organic chemistry第一部分 有机化合物和有机化学,1.1 Introduction and a brief history 有机化学历史简介 1.2 Character of organic compound 有机化合物的特性 1.3 Research fields in organic chemistry 有机化学研究领域 1.4 The methods to study organic chemistry and how to learn organic chemistry 有机化学研究方法及如何学习有机化学课程,
