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1、高考英语一轮基础知识复习：,Unit 4 Earthquakes,知识清单,(一) 基本单词 1. _ vi. 爆裂；爆发 n.突然破裂；爆发 2. _ v. 破坏；毁坏；消灭 3. _ v.(使)震惊；震动 n.休克；打击；震惊 4. _ n.& vt.援救；营救 5. _ vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏,burst,destroy,shock,rescue,bury,单词,8. _ vt. 使陷入困境 n. 陷阱；困境 9. _ n. 灾难；灾祸 10. _ n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处 11. _ n.& vt. 损失；损害 12. _ n. 事件；大事 13. vt. 表示；表达 n. 快车；速
2、递,trap,disaster,shelter,damage,event,express,6. _ adv. 真诚地；真挚地 7. adj. 无用的；无效的,sincerely,useless,(二) 派生单词 14. _ adj. 极度的 _ adv. 极其地 15. _ v. 损害；伤害 _ n. 受伤；伤害 _ adj. 受伤的,extreme,extremely,injure,injury,injured,16. _ vt. 使惊吓；吓唬 _ adj. 受惊的；受恐吓的_ adj. 令人恐惧的 17. _ n. 祝贺；(复数)贺词 _ v祝贺 18. _ n. 裁判员；法官 v.断定；
3、判断；判决 _ n.判断；判决,frighten,frightened,frightening,congratulation,congratulate,judge,judgement,1. 立刻；马上 2. 结束；终结 3. 严重受损；破败不堪 4. 掘出；发现 5. 许多；大量的 6. 评价很低；不重视 7. 横穿；横跨 8. 以而自豪；引以为荣,right away,at an end,in ruins,短语,dig out,a (great) number of,think little of,cut across,be proud of,核心要点,1. burst vi. (burst
4、, burst) 爆裂；爆发 n. 突然破裂；爆发 【教材原句】 In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 在市内, 有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。,单词,【归纳】 burst out 突然发生, 突然起来 (常跟动词-ing形式) e.g. Everyone in the room burst out laughing / singing. burst into 突然(进入某种状态) e.g. Much to my surprise Ben suddenly burst into tears.,burst
5、 in on / upon 突然打断/插嘴 e.g. The boy burst in on our conversation. burst with 满得快裂了, 装得满满的 e.g. That bag is bursting with potatoes. burst n. 突然破裂; 爆发 e.g. There was a burst in the water pipe.,On seeing Jay Chou appear on the stage, the audience _ cheering. burst in B. burst into C. burst on D. burst o
6、ut,2. ruin n. U 毁坏; 毁灭; 崩溃 n. C (pl.) 废墟; 遗迹 v. (使)破产; (使)堕落; 毁灭 【教材原句】 In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15秒钟内, 一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。,【归纳】 in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 fall in/into ruin 灭亡；荒废 bring.to ruin 使毁灭; 使没落 go/come to ruin 毁灭；落空 ruin oneself 毁掉自己 ruin ones health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉,r
7、uin多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性，也可用于引申意义； destroy多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，含导致无用，不能或很难再修复的意味； damage多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。,ruin destroy damage,用以上单词完成句子。 1) The rainforests are being _ at a frightening rate. 2) Many buildings were badly _ during the war. 3) Her injury _ her chances of winning the race.,destro
8、yed,damaged,ruined,3. injure vt. 损害; 伤害 【教材原句】 Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 2/3的人在地震中死去或受伤。,【拓展】 injured adj. 受伤的 the injured 伤员 injury n. 伤; 伤口; 伤害 do sb. an injury / do an injury to sb. 伤害某人,injure多指意外事故中受伤，也可指健康、名誉、感情等的伤害； hurt常指伴有强烈疼痛的创伤，也可指别人的言行给某人的情感造成无意的、较小的伤
9、害；hurt比injure更为通俗，injure比hurt语气强。,injure hurt wound harm,wound常指有意的伤害，尤其指在战斗或攻击中受伤，身体上出现明显的伤口，wound也可指对感情上的伤害； harm 用于表示精神或肉体上的伤害均可，有时也可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。,用以上单词完成句子。 1) Angus _ his leg playing football yesterday. 2) Gunmen killed two people and _ six others in an attack today. 3) I have n
10、ever _ anyone. 4) It _ me when you talk like that.,injured,wounded,harmed,hurts,4. shock v. (使)震惊; 震动 n. 休克; 打击; 震惊 【教材原句】 People shocked. 人们惊呆了。,【归纳】 be shocked at. 对感到震惊 be shocked to do sth. 做某事很震惊 be shocked that. 对很震惊,5. bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸； 使专心；插入；刺入 【教材原句】 The army organized teams to dig ou
11、t those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 部队人员组成小分队, 将受困的人们挖出来, 将死者掩埋。,【归纳】 bury oneself in sth. 使陷入；埋头(工作、学习) be buried in (doing) sth. 专心致志于某事 be buried in thought 在沉思中 bury in=put (sb./sth.) into (a grave, earth) 把埋入,6. judge v. 判定；判断 n. 裁判员；法官 【教材原句】 Your speech was heard by a group of five
12、 judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. 评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲, 他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。,【归纳】 judging from/by 从上看，根据判断 as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为 judge sb./ sth. from/ by. 从来判断 【提醒】 judging from/ by “从上看, 根据来判断”。句首时, 为独立成分, 不受句子主语和时态影响, 只用现在分词作状语。,短语,1. at an end 终结; 结束 【教材原句】 It seemed
13、as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日。,【拓展】 at the end of 在尽头; 在末端 come to an end 结束 make ends meet 使收支相抵; 量入为出,by the end of 到结束时；到时候为止 (常与完成时态连用) bring sth. to an end 使某事结束，终止 in the end 最后；终于；最终 end up 结束；告终,2. dig out 挖掘出; 发现; 翻找出 【教材原句】 The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapp
14、ed and to bury the dead. 部队人员组成小分队, 将受困的人们挖出来, 将死者掩埋。,【拓展】 dig into 调查; 钻研; 通过翻土把 掺入土壤 dig up 挖出; 掘出; 发现; 揭露 dig for sth. 挖寻某物,3. a great number of 许多; 大量的 【教材原句】 Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping. 那么多人丧生是因为地震发生时人们正在睡觉。,a great/ large number of a
15、great/ good many quite a few/ a good few,+ 可数名词复数,many a more than one,+ 单数可数名词 + 单数谓语动词,【归纳】,【拓展】,a great/ good deal of a great/ large amount of quite a little,+ 不可数名词,a lot /lots of a great/ large quantity of large quantities of,+ 可数名词复数 或不可数名词,1. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日。 It seems as if/as though. 似乎是 as if/as though引导的是表语从句, 从 句中可用陈述语气或虚拟语气。,句式,【提示】 如果as if/as though引导的从句是“主语系动词”结构，且主/从句中主语相同，可省略从句主语和
