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1、中考英语总复习,名词复习,名 词,一、考查重点,可数名词与不可数名词 名词的单数与复数名词所有格 4. 名词用法以及词义辨析,名词的分类,名词所有格,名词的 句法作用,名词 专有名词（如：Tom，China， the United States, January, Monday),可数名词,普通名词,物质名词(如water,ice,wood) 抽象名词(如:happiness幸福),个体名词(如：teacher教师) 集体名词(如：police警察),不可数名,考点一 名词的分类,专有名词： 1.表示人名 如：Jim Kate Li Lei Miss Gao 2.表示地名:如: China U
2、SA England Beijing 3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如： Sunday Monday Tuesday January February 4.表示中外节日： 国际性节日:New Year May Day Childrens Day Womens Day 中国节日: Spring Festival Mid-autumn Day National Day 西方节日: Christmas Day Easter(复活节）Fathers Day Mothers Day Saint Valentines Day(情人节) 5. 机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如: CCTV U
3、N WTO PLA PRC UFO BBC SOS UN IT NBA IQ EQ PE RMB VIP,.drink-coffee, milk,tea 2.food-rice,bread,meatporridge, tofu, 3.sugar,salt,pepper,butter 4.weather-rain,snow,ice,cloud,wind 5.cotton,silk,wool,mental,paper,wood,glass, plastic,名词单数的表达 一般可用a，an，one来修饰 注：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前 *a book * an Eng
4、lish book * an hour,flower,flowers,找规律,总结规则,watch,es,factory-factories,leaf - leaves,box,es,NOUN.,名词的复数形式 1.规则变化 (1) 一般在复数名词后加“s”/s/or/z/ * dog dogs * book books (2) 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”/iz/ *box boxes *watch watches,(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es” /iz/ * country countries * factory factories 请区别：如果是元音字母加
5、y 结尾的名词则只须加“s” * boy boys holiday-holidays * monkey monkeys,(4) 以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es” /vz/ * half halves * shelf shelves * knife knives * leaf leaves,特殊:roof-roofs,特殊:belief-beliefs,要点考点聚焦,找规律,tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,NOUN.,英雄爱吃西红柿拌土豆。,(5) 以o结尾的名词,一般情况加s,读作/z/.potato，tomato，hero除外 * piano piano
6、s * zoo zoos radio-radios bamboo-bamboos,child-children,woman-women,sheep,man-men,NOUN.,2.不规则变化 (1)单复数同形 Chinese Chinese fish fish Japanese Japanese sheepsheep (2)变元音字母oo为ee tooth teeth foot feet,(3).变man为 men man men woman women policeman policemen Frenchman Frenchmen 请区别：German(德国人) Germans (“中日”不
7、变“英法”变，其余s加后面),(4).常以复数形式出现的名词 people clothes shoes trousers glasses 这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数 * My clothes are newer than yours.,3.可数名词可以被a, an, one, two以及 how many，many，a few，few，any，lots of, a lot of ， some等修饰 *There are a few people in the park. *How many knives are there in your pencil-box?,1.Several
8、 _ are talking under the treeAnd they are talking about_. Awoman; children Bwoman; child Cwomen; children 2. There are three in my family. A. people B. person C. child 3. Some _ came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies,C,A,A,4. In the picture there are ma
9、ny_ and two_. A. sheeps; knifes B. sheeps; knife C. sheep; knives D. sheep; knife 5. There are four_and two_in the group. A. Japanese，Germen B. Japaneses，Germen C. Japanese，German D. Japanese，Germans,D,C,不可数名词 物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如: water，rice，fish，meat 等。 work chalk time space music money weather homew
10、ork wood information news medicine,1.单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数 *Some bread is over there. *No news is good news.,2.不可数名词不能直接被a, an, one, two等修饰，常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, some, any，plenty of 等修饰 *They had much money. *He does little housework at home. * a rice (X) two bread (X)
11、,3.可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位+of+名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词形式不变 *a bag of apples *a piece of paper *three glasses of orange,巩固练习: (1)一茶杯茶 （2）一块冰 （3）两公斤肉 （4）五瓶橘汁 （5）半公斤鸡肉 （6）许多瓶牛奶,4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情 况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同 glass(玻璃) a glass(玻璃杯) work(工作) a work(著作) time(时间) times(次数),1. Please give me _ paper. A. on
12、e B. a pieces C. a piece D. a piece of 2. This table is made of_. A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass 3. What can I do for you, sir? Id like two_. A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks 4. We can do the work better with_money and _ people. A. less, fewe
13、r B. fewer, less C. little, little D. few, few,D,D,C,A,主谓一致,当people, class, family, team, group, public, police 等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。,e.g The class are waiting for her. Toms family _ rather big. Toms family _ film fans.,is,are,2.news, maths, politics 表示单数意义，动词用单数。,e.g The news m
14、akes her very happy. Maths _ not easy for him.,is,名词所有格 表示名词间的所有关系“ 的” 一.名词所有格的构成方法 1.一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加“s” Kangkangs father Lucys book 2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“ ”即可 Teachers office The Greens house,3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“s” * Children s Day * men s shoes 4.无生命名词的所有关系用of加名词，构成所属关系的短语 *the color of the wall *a
15、 picture of the classroom,1. June 1st is _Day. All the Children enjoy it very much. A. Children B. Childrens C. Childrens D. Child 2. The two bedroom are the _. A. twins B. twins C .twins D. twins,C,C,双重所有格,of +s 或of+名词性物主代词。如： A book of my daughters 我女儿的一本书 我其中的一个朋友 One of my friends A friend of mine,5.如果事物为 2人或2人以上共同所有， 在最后一个名词后加-s;,珍妮和海伦的房间,Jenny and Helens room,6.如果事物不是 2人或2人共同所有，而是分别有的,则在 2个名词 后都
