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1、Passage 1 Beauty and Body Image in the MediaA Images of female bodies are everywhere. Womenand their body partssell everything from food to cars. Popular film and television actresses are becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been known to faint on the set from lack of food.B Womens m
2、agazines are full of articles urging that if they can just lose those last twenty pounds, theyll have it allthe perfect marriage, loving children, great sex, and a rewarding career.C Economic has great effects on it. By presenting an ideal difficulty to achieve and maintain, the cosmetic and diet pr
3、oduct industries are assured of growth and profits. And its no accident that youth is increasingly promoted, along with thinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. And, according to the industry, age is a disaster that needs to be dealt with. D The stakes are huge. On the one hand, women who are
4、insecure about their bodies are more likely to buy beauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the diet industry alone is worth anywhere between 40 to 100 billion (U.S.) a year selling temporary weight loss (90% to 95% of dieters regain the lost weight). On the other hand, rese
5、arch indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodies is linked to depression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habits in women and girls.E The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related Eating Disorders, Inc. says that one out of every f
6、our college-aged women uses unhealthy methods of weight controlincluding fasting, skipping meals, excessive exercise, laxative (泻药) abuse, and self-induced vomiting. F In 2003, Teen magazine reported that 35 percent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50 to 70 percent
7、 of normal weight girls believe they are overweight. Overall research indicates that 90% of women are dissatisfied with their appearance in some way. G Perhaps the most disturbing is the fact that media images of female beauty are unattainable for all but a very small number of women. H Researchers
8、generating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions, for example, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of her upper body, and her body would be too narrow to contain more than half a liver and a few centimeters of bowel.A real woman built that way would suffer
9、from chronic diarrhea (慢性腹泻)and eventually die from malnutrition. 46. A report in Teen magazine showed that 50% to 70% girls with normal weight think that they need to lose weight.47. The mass media has helped boost the cosmetic and the diet industries.48.Some film and television actresses even fain
10、t on the scene due to eating too little.49. Some negative effects such as depression and unhealthy eating habits in females are related to their being exposed to images of thin and young female bodies.50. Researchers found that a real woman with Barbie-doll proportions would eventually die from maln
11、utrition.Passage 2Hate Your Job? Heres How to Reshape ItA Once upon a time, if you hated your job, you either quit or bit your lip. These days, a group of researchers is trumpeting a third option: shape your job more fruitful than futile.B To make livelihoods more lively, Wrzesniewski and her collea
12、gues Jane Dutton and Justin Berg have developed a methodology they call job-crafting. Theyre working with Fortune 500 companies, smaller firms and business schools to change the way Americans think about work. Step 1: Rethink Your Job-CreativelyC The default some people wake up to is dragging themse
13、lves to work and facing a list of things they have to do, says Wrzesniewski. So in the job-crafting process, the first step is to think about your job holistically. D Take, for example, a maintenance technician at Burts Bees, which makes personal-care products. He was interested in process engineeri
14、ng, though that wasnt part of his job description. To alter the scope of his day-to-day activities, the technician asked a supervisor if he could spend some time studying an idea he had for making the firms manufacturing procedures more energy-efficient. His ideas proved helpful, and now process eng
15、ineering is part of the scope of his work.Step 2: Diagram Your DayE To lay the groundwork for change, job-crafting participants assemble diagrams detailing their workday activities. F Ina Lockau-Vogel, a management consultant who participated in a recent job-crafting workshop, says the exercise help
16、ed her adjust her priorities. Before, I would spend so much time reacting to requests and focusing on urgent tasks that I never had time to address the real important issues. As part of the job-crafting process, she decided on a strategy for delegating and outsourcing (外包) more of her administrative responsibilities.G In contrast to business books
