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1、黄浦区2018学年第一学期期末质量试卷高三英语 （满分140分，完卷时间120分钟） 2018.12. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for t
2、he other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Just How Buggy is Your Phone?What item in your home crawls with the most germs? If you say _21_ toilet seat, youre wrong. Kitchen sponges top the list. But cell phones are pretty dirty too. They contain around 10 times as many germs as toilet s
3、eats. People touch their phones, laptops, and other digital devices all day long, yet rarely clean them.In one incident, a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone. He stole it from a hospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly disease Ebola. The phones owner reported the
4、 theft before _22_（die）from the disease. Soon, the thief began showing symptoms and finally _23_（confess）to the crime._24_ in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad. Most cause no harm. In fact, they could provide helpful information. Look at the surface of
5、your phone carefully. Do you see some dirty mars?“Thats all you,”says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton-Marcell.“Thats biological information.”It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are different from _25_ of your friends and family. Theyre like a fingerpr
6、int that could identify you. Some day in the future, investigators may use these microbial fingerprints to solve crimes. Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places to look for buggy clues.In a 2017 study, researchers sampled a range of surfaces in 22 participants homes, _26_ countertop
7、s and floors to computer keyboards and mice. Then they tried to match the microbial fingerprints on each object to its owner. The office equipment was easiest to match to its owner. In an _27_（early）study, a different group of researchers found that they could use microbial fingerprints to identify
8、the person who _28_（use）a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room temperature.One day, microbial signatures might show _29_ people have gone and what they have touched. They could prove _30_ an unmarked device is yours. So, sure, your phone is pretty germy. Does
9、 that inspire you, or does it just bother you?Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. measurement B. similar C. remarkably D. monetary E. astronomy F. alteredG. civilization H
10、. defined I. independence J. invariably K. dominatedThe NileThe ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-asthe gift of the Nile. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating the ear
11、liest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous _31_.Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost _32_ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topaoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks.
12、Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of _33_ a Nilometer, was used to determine the size of the floods. Late
13、r, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river-_34_ to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n) _35_ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery,
14、 spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also _36_ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts（囊肿）. Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with supe
15、rstition（迷信）. And while a great deal of time was dedicated to _37_ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won _38_ from Britain after World War . The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, _the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 _40_ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the countrys rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest in the Arab world.
