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1、Indoor distribution system fault problems and treatment methodsXuan LI China Mobile Communications Group Beijing Co.,Ltd, Beijing, ChinaAbstract : With the rapid development of mobile communication, the mobile phone has gradually become the Peoples Daily life is widely used in a modern communication
2、 tools, at the same time, the mobile user to the mobile communication service quality requirements of the more and more is also high, they have only no longer satisfied with good outdoor mobile communication services, but also the requirements in the interior (especially star hotel, large stores, of
3、fice buildings and other senior) can enjoy high-quality mobile communication services. And because modern architecture with reinforced concrete skeletons, plus the fully closed outside of decorate, radio signal attenuation of the shield special good, that call quality serious decline. Specific influ
4、ence as follows, in the large building lower underground mall, underground parking lot, such as environment, base station received signal is very weak, it will cause the mobile cant be used normally, formed the signal coverage of the blind area; In the large building in the middle of the floor, beca
5、use the mobile phone can receive different base stations around the signal, so that the base station signal produce jackknife, produce table tennis effect, which seriously affected the normal use of the cell phone; In the top part of large buildings, enter indoor wireless signal is so cluttered, bot
6、h of the base several nearby signal, also have not far from the base station, refracted through direct signal, reflection, diffraction means such as enter indoor, cause indoor received signal and strong and weak extremely unstable, with frequency, adjacent frequency interference is very serious. Mob
7、ile phone use in this environment, when the idle state village re-election frequent, while in communication frequent switch, voice quality affected considerably, easy to produce the phenomenon to drop words. In addition, in some buildings, although cell phones can normal conversation, but the user d
8、ensity is too big, channel is very crowded, mobile phone online difficult. Therefore, how to solve the problem of indoor signal coverage, and meet the needs of users, and improve the quality of network, has become more and more important, also be in network optimization of a key. To solve the said i
9、ndoor signal does not cover the ideal of, at present the most effective solution is in buildings installation indoor coverage distribution system. Is the signal of the base station via cable directly into the way of indoor each zone, then through the small antenna will send out a signal base station
10、, so as to eliminate indoor coverage blind area, restrain the interference of purpose, for building the mobile communication within the users with stable and reliable indoor signal, the user in the interior also can enjoy high quality mobile communication services. Because indoor distribution system
11、 includes the active and passive components, long time in working status, can appear some serious fault, the influence of the user perception degrees, to solve the problem of indoor distribution, there must be a good processing methods of effective solution. Keywords : Wireless uplink quality；Interf
12、erence；Drop call rate；Spent processing method室内分布系统故障问题及处理方法李轩中国移动通信集团北京有限公司，北京，中国，100102【摘要】随着移动通信的快速发展，移动电话已逐渐成为人民群众日常生活中广泛使用的一种现代化通信工具，同时广大移动用户对移动通信服务质量的要求也越来越高，他们已不再单单满足于良好的室外移动通信服务，而且也要求在室内（特别是星级酒店、大型商场、高级写字楼等）能享受优质的移动通信服务。而现代建筑由于多以钢筋混凝土为骨架，再加上全封闭式的外装修，对无线电信号的屏蔽衰减特别厉害，使通话质量严重下降。具体影响如下，在大型建筑的低层、
13、地下商场、地下停车场等环境下，基站接收信号十分微弱，导致手机无法正常使用，形成了信号覆盖的盲区；在大型建筑的中间楼层，由于手机可以接收到周围多个不同基站的信号，使基站信号发生重叠，产生乒乓效应，严重影响了手机的正常使用；在大型建筑的高层部分，进入室内的无线信号非常杂乱，既有附近几个基站的信号，也有不远处基站的信号通过直射、折射、反射、绕射等方式进入室内，导致室内接收信号忽强忽弱极为不稳定，同频、邻频干扰十分严重。手机在这种环境下使用，在空闲状态时小区重选频繁，在通话过程中频繁进行切换，话音质量受到极大影响，容易产生掉话现象。另外，在有些建筑物内，虽然手机能够正常通话，但是用户密度太大，信道十分
14、拥挤，手机上线困难。因此，如何解决好室内信号的覆盖问题，满足广大用户的需求，提高网络质量，已变得越来越重要，也成为网络优化工作的一个重点。为解决以上所说的室内信号覆盖不理想的问题，目前最有效的解决方法是在建筑物内安装室内覆盖分布系统。就是将基站的信号通过有线方式直接引入到室内的每一个区域，再通过小型天线将基站信号发送出去，从而达到消除室内覆盖盲区、抑制干扰的目的，为楼内的移动通信用户提供稳定、可靠的室内信号，使用户在室内也能享受高质量的移动通信服务。由于室内分布系统包含了有源和无源器件，长时间处于工作状态下，就会出现一些严重的故障，影响用户的感知度，为解决室内分布故障问题，就必须有一个很好的处
15、理方法来有效的解决。【关键词】上行质量 干扰 掉话 排查处理方法1 引言随着我国通信产业的发展，无线用户的数量与日俱增，截止到2012 年初，移动电话普及率已经达到71.2部/百人。而同时城市发展的速度越来越快，基站建设所面临的问题也越发的多种多样，网络中不可避免的会出现小部分空间覆盖不好的情况，在微蜂窝日常优化众多问题中，上行质量、和分布系统内干扰严重的影响着网络各项指标。而面这些问题，其他的优化方法又显得力不从心。这时分布故障排查就唯一的方法，能够直达患处，立竿见影。而传统的排查方法一直十分简单和原始。在确认了一个微蜂窝质量差后，立刻派人去现场排查。而去现场排查的人也完全不了解现场的建筑环
16、境、周边基站的场强、本站干扰和质量差的规律等问题。造成总不能找到对基站最大影响的故障问题，反而是找到了一些对基站影响不是那么大，只是很容易发现的次要故障。久而久之，质差或干扰逐渐积累，就会严重影响网络指标。2室内分布系统简介室内覆盖系统的建设，可以较为全面地改善建筑物内的通话质量，提高移动电话接通率，开辟出高质量的室内移动通信区域；同时，使用微蜂窝系统可以分担室外宏蜂窝话务，扩大网络容量，从整体移动网络的服务水平。如下图 Figure 1 .Indoor distribution system 图1.室内分布系统3室内分布故障分类和解决方法室内分布故障长出的故障现象有：上行干扰、上行质差、高掉话。A、上行干扰解决方法 上行干扰问题是室分系统中出现最频繁，也是可能原因最多的一类问题，室分环境相对独立，因此黑直放对室分影响可能性较小，发现最多的干扰问题主要还是集中于干放调测、
