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1、Seminar on Case Research Methods in Information Systems 信息系统研究中的案例研究方法,The Positivist Case Research Methodology 实证主义的案例研究方法,2019/6/14,1,刘鲁宁 哈尔滨工业大学,Todays Agenda今日安排,Case Study Methodology 案例研究方法 Design of Case Study 案例研究设计 Conduct of Case Study 开展案例研究 Analysis of Case Evidence 分析案例证据 Writing Up Cas
2、e Study Report 撰写案例研究报告 Concluding Remarks 评论,Note: The material used in this presentation is largely based on Par (2004),2019/6/14,2,Case Study Methodology 案例研究方法,What is case study research? 什么是案例研究,“A case study is an empirical inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-l
3、ife context, especially when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident” (Yin, 2003, p. 13).,2019/6/14,3,“案例研究是一种实证调查，对现实生活中的现象，尤其是在现象与环境之间的边界不明显的时候，对这些现象进行研究”,Case Study Methodology 案例研究方法,Case study is useful 案例研究是有用的 when a phenomenon is broad and complex; 当现象很广阔和复杂 whe
4、re the existing body of knowledge is insufficient to permit the posing of causal questions; 当现有的知识不足以解释导致问题的原因时 when a holistic, in-depth investigation is needed, and 当需要整体的、深入的研究时 when a phenomenon cannot be studied outside the context in which it occurs. 当现象无法在发生的环境以外进行研究时,2019/6/14,4,Case Study M
5、ethodology 案例研究方法,Case study has gain strong acceptance in IS research community 案例研究在IS领域得到广泛的认可 MISQ and other top IS journals has frequently published research articles based on case study methodology (see Dub and Par, 2003 for stats); MISQ以及其他IS顶级期刊经常发表案例研究论文 Guidelines for IS case study researc
6、h have been proposed in multiple articles (e.g., Benbasat et al., 1987; Lee, 1989; Dub and Par, 2003; Par, 2004). 很多论文是关于IS研究中使用案例研究方法的指导,2019/6/14,5,Case Study Methodology 案例研究方法,Positivist case research 实证主义案例研究 Positivism is also depicted as “the view that all true knowledge is scientific,“ and t
7、hat all things are ultimately measurable. 实证主义同样可以被描绘成“全部真实的知识都是科学的这样一种观点”，也就是一切的事物最终都是可测量的,2019/6/14,6,Case Study Methodology 案例研究方法,Interpretive case research 解释主义案例研究 Interpretive studies generally attempt to understand phenomena through the meanings that people assign to them. 解释主义研究一般试图通过分析人们授予
8、各种现象的含义的来理解这些现象,2019/6/14,7,Case Study Methodology 案例研究方法,Positivist case research can be 实证型案例研究可以是 Descriptive: describes what happened and provide evaluation and lessons learned summaries. 描述性的：描述发生了什么，提供评估，发现总结 Exploratory: attempts to understand why events happened in certain ways and develop t
9、heories based on the findings. 探索性的：试图理解为什么事情按照特定的方式发生，并基于这些发现来发展理论 Explanatory: tests existing theories in the case environment and either confirm or refute the theory. 解释性的：在案例的环境下确定或者驳斥现有理论,2019/6/14,8,Case Study Methodology 案例研究方法,This seminar focuses on positivist exploratory case research; 本讲座
10、集中于实证性的案例研究 This is because strongest argument for using case research method is for situation where no existing theories can (fully) explain what happened; 当现有理论无法解释现象时，最需要应用案例研究方法 Positivist philosophy also brings case study inquiries closer to the domain of scientific inquiries; 实证主义哲学使得案例研究成为科学研
11、究的主流方法 Over 90% of case study papers published in MISQ use positivist approach (Dub and Par, 2003). MISQ上的案例研究文章，90%以上都采用实证主义的方法,2019/6/14,9,Case Study Methodology 案例研究方法,Positivist exploratory case study is about 实证探索性研究是关于 Defining questions, constructs, propositions or hypotheses about a phenomen
12、on; 定义关于一个现象的研究问题、构念、命题或假设 So that they can be the object of subsequent empirical studies to confirm or refute them; 然后，这些问题、假设等就可以被后续实证研究证明或否定。,2019/6/14,10,Case Study Methodology 案例研究方法,Scientific Approach for Case Study 案例研究的科学方法,Design Case Study,Conduct Case Study,Analyze Case Evidence,Write Up
13、 Case Study,2019/6/14,11,案例研究设计,开展案例研究,分析案例证据,撰写案例报告,Design of Case Study 案例研究设计,Five steps in design of case study 案例研究设计有5步 The initial definition of research questions 定义最初研究问题 The a priori specification of constructs or theory 预先描述构念或理论 The definition of unit of analysis 定义分析单元 The selection and
14、 number of cases 选择案例与案例数量 The use of a case study protocol 使用案例研究草案,2019/6/14,12,Design of Case Study 案例研究设计,Definition of research questions 定义研究问题 A research question must be 研究问题必须 Clear 清晰 Simple 简单 Obvious 明显 Intriguing 有趣 Feasible 可行 Important 重要 Timely 适时 Relevant 相关,2019/6/14,13,Design of C
15、ase Study 案例研究设计,Example of case research questions 案例研究问题举例 Why are troubled projects allowed to continue for so long before they are ultimately abandoned or brought under control? (Keil, 1995) 为什么那些有问题的项目在取消或得到控制之前持续了如此长的时间？ What are the external and internal institutional factors salient to infor
16、mation systems security? And how do these institutional factors shape the cognition of managers and employees about information systems security and inform their actions? (Hu et al., 2007) 影响信息系统安全的外部及内部制度因素有哪些？这些因素如何决定管理者及员工对待信息系统安全的态度及行为？,2019/6/14,14,Design of Case Study 案例研究设计,Prior Theorizing 预先理论化 Case researchers may choose between two approaches regarding prior theory: 案例研究者需要在两种设计预先理论化的方法中选择 First is to use a prior theory as a guidance for the formulation
