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1、书面表达 之 提纲类,提纲作文分为提供全部写作要点和提供部分写作要点。 提供全部写作要点的作文要求考生根据给定的内容，在增加适当的过渡词汇的基础上，写出一篇内容完整的短文。 而另一种情况是命题者给出了部分写作内容，同时又要求考生根据提示作一定程度的合理发挥，具有一定的开放性，也就是通常所说的半开放性作文。,考点分析,提纲作文是近几年高考英语书面表达的热点题型。命题者通常把提纲作文与其他常用文体形式（如书信、报道、通知、日记等）有机结合在一起进行考查，使该类书面表达试题综合性越来越强。,命题特点 (1)命题常以短文提示、要点提示和表格提示三种形式呈现。 (2)考查形式以书信(电子邮件)、通知、日
2、记、报道等为主, 但体裁多变, 记叙文、议论文、应用文都会牵涉到, 且题材多贴近学生生活。 (3)写作内容以提纲的形式分割成独立的信息块, 所给的提纲既是独立的要点, 又体现了文章的层次, 是全文写作的思路。,命题人通过汉语、英语给定写作提纲，要求学生根据给出的提纲，确定文章的中心，然后紧紧围绕中心表达提纲的主旨。提纲作文的限定性较大，不理解提纲所展现的内容或词汇，就会感到难以下笔。因此，考生掌握写作技巧是有必需的。,技巧指导,第一、认真审题，把握体裁 审题：一审_，二审_，三定_， 四定_。 英语的动词时态与汉语的有很大差别，这是考生经常出错的地方，考生要特别注意。在写作前要充分思考，融情入
3、景，站在观点的双方考虑一番，这样写出来的文章才更真切，更有说服力。一般情况下，说明文、议论文多用一般现在时态，记叙文常用一般过去时态。,体裁,格式,人称,时态,第二、列好提纲，理顺要点 审题之后，应简略地写下提纲，这样可以避免离题千里或者观点不明。提纲可以只用简要的几个单词来表达，在弄清题意的基础上，逐个充实要点。每一个提纲可以作为文章的一个段落层次, 段落的展开围绕提纲的中心内容, 不能偏离, 也不能任意增减。 理顺要点是防止多写、漏写、乱写的保证。有时要点作文所提供的要点顺序并非就是写作时的顺序，因此，写作前将要点标出，并按照一定的逻辑关系，如时间顺序、空间顺序、事件发生的先后顺序等，把这
4、些要点排列并整理好。,第三、选词造句，初步成文 根据要点、重点词汇的句法功能和句子的语法规则，按照提示或说明中所提供的事实和情节发展的顺序遣词造句。在理顺要点后，把这些要点清楚地表达出来是非常关键的一步。提纲作文不是简单地把汉语提示转换成英文，不能简单地直译。考生要用平时自己最有把握的单词、短语和句型，围绕主题，将意思完整清楚地表达出来。在遇到自己无法确定的英语词汇或句型时，应学会用已知的相近的句子来表达。,第四、衔接词语，行文流畅 为了使文章自然流畅，层次清晰，在陈述理由部分最好用上一些衔接的词语。注意使用一些表示并列、递进、让步、转折、因果等意义的关联词语，以增强文章的连贯性和流畅性。,第
5、五、多种表达，避免单一 一篇高质量的书面表达，不仅仅是表达上正确无误，而且应该能够吸引阅卷老师的注意，激发阅卷老师的兴趣，引起阅卷老师的共鸣。因此，考生应该注意使用恰当的修辞手法，尽可能使用高级词汇和复杂的句式，避免英语汉语化和句式单一重复，使文章呈现亮点，增加得高分的机会。,第六、仔细审核，查漏补缺 写作时，由于时间有限，加上粗心或者紧张，难免出现错漏现象，所以仔细核对，及时修补，力争使全文信息齐全，结构合理，表达准确。,第一步,翻译句子：营造亮点，增色文章,第二步,列提纲：理清要点、分段落与层次,第三步,审题目：确定体裁、人称及时态,第四步,注重衔接：确保行文自然流畅,常用句式 (1) 开
6、头常用句式 We had a heated discussion about/on. . . With the development of. . . At present, there is a widespread concern that. . . Modern technology has many advantages. Im very glad to have the chance to speak here. It is often said that. . .,(2)衔接常用句式 The main reason why. . . is that. . . The reasons
7、 are as follows. Take. . . for example. Besides, we should not neglect that. . . Wonderful as. . . is, however, it has its own disadvantages as well. As far as Im concerned, Im in favor of the first/second view.,(3) 结尾常用句式 Taking all these into account/consideration, we may safely reach the conclusi
8、on that. . . So we must take measures to. . .,黄金模板,1. 分析原因, 提出建议型 Nowadays, there are more and more XX in some big cities. It is estimated that 用具体数据说明XX现象. Why have there been so many XX? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is that 原因一. Besides, 原因二. The third reason is 原因三. T
9、o sum up, the main cause of XX is due to 指出主要原因. It is high time that something should be done upon it. On the one hand, 解决建议一. On the other hand, 解决建议二. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of XX.,2. 积极有利型 Nowadays, 主题 plays an important role in our life. For example，举例说明主题的现状 Genera
10、lly, its advantages can be listed as follows. First，好处一. Besides, 好处二 Through the above analysis, my attitude toward this matter is positive, and the reasons are simple. It not only brings us 好处之一， but also gives us 好处之二 we have not expected. Therefore, I can see its bright future from now on.,【高考现场
11、】 (2013四川高考) 某中学生英文报近期开辟专栏, 讨论学习习惯问题。请你结合自身学习实际, 按以下提示, 用英文为该专栏写一篇稿件。 1. 说明学习习惯与学习效果之间的关系; 2. 介绍一种好的学习习惯并提出养成该习惯的 建议; 3. 描述自己在学习习惯方面存在的某个问题并 给出改进措施。,注意: 1. 词数120个左右, 开头语已为你写好; 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯; 3. 文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。 Its useful and necessary to discuss learning habits. _,【审题】,【炼句】 1. 有一个谚语“好的习惯会带来好的
12、结果。”这句话表明了习惯的重要性。 a: (一般表达)Theres a famous saying that good habits lead to good endings. This saying shows the importance of habits. b: (用定语从句连接两句话)As a famous saying goes, good habits lead to good endings, which shows the importance of habits.,2. 养成一个好的习惯很重要。我非常愿意介绍一种好的学习习惯。 a: (一般表达)Cultivating a
13、good habit is very important. And I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habit. b: (用so. . . that. . . 合并句子)Cultivating a good habit is so important that I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habit.,【成篇】 Its useful and necessary to discuss learning habits. As a famous sayi
14、ng goes, good habits lead to good endings, which shows the importance of habits. The proverb “An apple a day keeps the doctor away. ” also shows how a healthy everyday habit helps to build up our body. In the same way, good learning habits can help us gain great learning results including high score
15、s and abundant knowledge.,As middle school students, learning habits form our ways of thinking and attitudes towards the content of our learning. Obviously, a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations. As we can see, cultivating a good habit is so important that I would like to in
16、troduce one kind of good learning habitkeeping a learning diary every day. We can start the habit by writing learning summary and recording something impressive and meaningful. Keep it in mind, and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and benefit from it.,To be honest, I also find that I still have some bad learning ha
