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1、2003年9月大学英语六级考试试题及参考答案Part Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part, Each passage is followed by some questions at unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corres
2、ponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. In 1985 when a Japan Air Lines (JAL) jet crashed, its president, Yasumoto Takagi, called each victims family to apologize, and then promptly resigned. And in 1
3、987, when a subsidiary of Toshiba sole sensitive military technology to the former Soviet Union, the chairman of Toshiba gave up his post. These executive actions, which Toshiba calls “the highest form of apology,” may seem bizarre to US managers. No one at Boeing resigned after the JAL crash, which
4、 may have been caused by a faulty Boeing repair. The difference between the two business cultures centers around different definitions of delegation. While US executives give both responsibility and authority to their employees, Japanese executives delegate only authoritythe responsibility is still
5、theirs. Although the subsidiary that sold the sensitive technology to the Soviets had its own management, the Toshiba top executives said they “must take personal responsibility for not creating an atmosphere throughout the Toshiba group that would make such activity unthinkable, even in an independ
6、ently run subsidiary.” Such acceptance of community responsibility is not unique to businesses in Japan. School principals in Japan have resigned when their students committed major crimes after school hours. Even if they do not quit, Japanese executives will often accept primary responsibility in o
7、ther ways, such as taking the first pay cut when a company gets into financial trouble. Such personal sacrifices, even if they are largely symbolic, help to create the sense of community and employee loyalty that is crucial to the Japanese way of doing business. Harvard Business School professor Geo
8、rge Lodge calls the ritual acceptance of blame “almost a feudal (封建的) way of purging (清除) the community of dishonor,” and to some in the United States, such resignations look cowardly. However, in an era in which both business and governmental leaders seem particularly good at evading responsibility
9、, many US managers would probably welcome an infusion (灌输) of the Japanese sense of responsibility, If, for instance, US automobile company executives offered to reduce their own salaries before they asked their workers to take pay cuts, negotiations would probably take on a very different character
10、. 21. Why did the chairman of Toshiba resign his position in 1987? A) In Japan, the leakage of a slate secret to Russians is a grave came. B) He had been under attack for shifting responsibility to his subordinates. C) In Japan, the chief executive of a corporation is held responsible for the mistak
11、e made by its subsidiaries. D) He had been accused of being cowardly towards crises that were taking place in his corporation. 22. According to the passage if you want to be a good manager in Japan, you have to _. A) apologize promptly for your subordinates mistakes B) be skillful in accepting blame
12、s from customers C) make symbolic sacrifices whenever necessary D) create a strong sense of company loyalty 23. Whats Professor George Lodges attitude towards the resignations of Japanese corporate leaders? A) Sympathetic C) Critical B) Biased. D) Approving. 24. Which of the following statements is
13、TRUE? A) Boeing had nothing to do with the JAL air crash in 1985. B) American executives consider authority and responsibility inseparable. C) School principals bear legal responsibility for students crimes. D) Persuading employees to take pay cuts doesnt help solve corporate crises. 25. The passage
14、 is mainly about _. A) resignation as an effective way of dealing with business crises B) the importance of delegating responsibility to employees C) ways of evading responsibility in times of crises D) the difference between two business cultures Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the foll
15、owing passage. As machines go, the car is not terribly noisy, nor terribly polluting, nor terribly dangerous; and on all those dimensions it has become better as the century has grown older. The main problem is its prevalence, and the social costs that ensue from the use by everyone of something tha
16、t would be fairly harmless if, say, only the rich were to use it. It is a price we pay for equality. Before becoming too gloomy, it is worth recalling why the car has been arguably the most successful and popular product of the whole of the past 100 yearsand remains so. The story begins with the environmental improvement it brought in the 1900s. In
