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1、报告人：北京师范大学 邱国玉报告人：北京师范大学 邱国玉 蒸发散问题研究进展和生 态环境质量评价 蒸发散问题研究进展和生 态环境质量评价 Advances in Evapotranspiration and Evaluation of Environmental Quality 内 容内 容 一 研究进展与基本方法 二 用三温模型测算蒸散和评价环境质量 三 最新的研究动态 一.研究进展与基本方法 Historical Perspective different methods will be preferred under different sets of conditions. 二. 用三
2、温模型测算蒸散 和评价环境质量 Evaluation of Evapotranspiration and Environmental Quality by Three Temperatures Model Whats the challenges ? One is the difficulty to separate ET into its two components, E and T. The second challenge is the heterogeneouse of land because most of the available methods are applicable
3、 only to flat and uniform area, which is rarely ever exist in the natural ecosystem or even in farmland. The third challenge is that most of the conventional models for ET estimation is based on the measurements at points. Scale up of ET model to a heterogeneouse area or to a regional level is still
4、 difficult. Objects To propose and verify a model that could be remotely applicable. 三温模型三温模型 Three Temperatures Model 三温模型是近年提出的一种测算蒸 发散量和评价环境质量的一种方法，因为 该模型的核心是表面温度，参考表面温度、 气温，所以被成为三温模型。三温模型包 括 三温模型是近年提出的一种测算蒸 发散量和评价环境质量的一种方法，因为 该模型的核心是表面温度，参考表面温度、 气温，所以被成为三温模型。三温模型包 括5个基本模型：土壤蒸发模型、植被蒸 腾模型、土壤蒸发扩散系数
5、（评价土壤水 分状况和土壤环境质量）、植被蒸腾扩散 系数（评价植被的水分状况和植被环境质 量）、作物水分亏缺系数。 个基本模型：土壤蒸发模型、植被蒸 腾模型、土壤蒸发扩散系数（评价土壤水 分状况和土壤环境质量）、植被蒸腾扩散 系数（评价植被的水分状况和植被环境质 量）、作物水分亏缺系数。 1.测算土壤蒸发量子模型 asd as dndn TT TT GRGRE =)( where E is the latent heat flux, Rnthe net radiation of the drying soil surface, Rndthe net radiation of dry soil,
6、 G the drying soil heat flux (the rate at which heat is transferred into the soil profile), and Gdthe heat flux in dry soil. All units are in J m-2s-1. Tsthe temperature of the drying soil surface (K), Tathe air temperature (K), and Tsdis the temperature of dry soil surface (K). 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
7、00.511.522.53 Measured E (mm) Calculated E (mm) Y=0.008+1.081X r2=0.89 MAE=0.17 1:1 line The relation between calculated and a weighing lysimeter measured daily evaporation from soil (22 days of measurements). 2. 评价土壤水分和土壤质量子模型评价土壤水分和土壤质量子模型 Soil Evaporation Transfer Coefficient asd as a TT TT h = T
8、heoretically, hais located in the range of 0 ha 1. In the case when the drying soil dries continuously until its water content is equal to the water content of the reference non-evaporating dry soil, Ts= Tsd, Rn= Rnd, G = Gd, and ha= 1. Consequently, the two parts of the right-hand side of Eq. (1) a
9、re equal to each other and evaporation assumes its minimum value (LE = 0). Therefore, the lower limit of transpiration rate is determined by the maximum value of ha. This limit is determined by lack of water in soil for evaporation. 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 800 11301500 0 800 11301500 1 800 11301
10、500 2 800 11301500 3 Day after irrigation ha The soil evaporation transfer coefficient haas a function of time after irrigation. 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 050100150200250300350400450500550 Time (h) ha Sand Coarse sand Clay ap ac npn TT TT RRT = 3.测算植被蒸腾量子模型 Rnand Rnpare the net rad
11、iation of plant and imitation canopy, respectively. Tcand Tpare the surface temperature of plant and imitation canopy, respectively. Relation between calculated and lysimeter- measured transpiration of field sorghum ap ac npn TT TT RRT = 4. 评价植被水分和植被质量子模型评价植被水分和植被质量子模型 Vegetation Transpiration Trans
12、fer Coefficient ap ac at TT TT h = Theoretically, hat 1. If Tc= Tp, hatis assumed to be the maximum value (hat= 1) and transpiration the minimum value (T = 0). This limit is determined by the lack of water for transpiration. On the other hand, when hat has a minimum value, transpiration can reach a
13、maximum value (potential transpiration rate). This limit is determined by the available energy for transpiration. Therefore, hat can determine the transpiration rate from the minimum value to the maximum value. A lower value of hatcorresponds to a higher transpiration rate. 蒸散计算蒸散计算 TVIEVIET+=)1 ( W
14、here VI is vegetation index 5. 作物水分亏缺系数计算子模型5. 作物水分亏缺系数计算子模型 clp clc TT TT CWSI = a aa np apn cl T ee R TTR T+ + + = * * * * )( )( 1 * app npcp TTC Rr += Comparison of CWSI estimated by the proposed method and CWSI by Jacksons method for field sorghum 评价 三温模型发表后，由于所含参数少、容 易遥感观测等特点，被美国著名学者称为是 三温模型发表后
15、，由于所含参数少、容 易遥感观测等特点，被美国著名学者称为是 “应用遥感技术观测实际水文过程非常有价 值，非常有意义的一步 应用遥感技术观测实际水文过程非常有价 值，非常有意义的一步（As a very informative and a significant step towards using remote sensing to truly measure hydrologic processes, Professor Roger Clapp, University of Tennessee, USA）”。 Related publications QIU G.Y., Miyamoto,
16、 K., Sase, S. & Okushima, L. (2000). Detection of crop transpiration and water stress by temperature related approach under the field and greenhouse conditions, JARQ-Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly. 34, 29-37. QIU G.Y., Miyamoto, K., Sase, S., Gao, Y., Shi, P. & Yano, T. (2002). Comparison of the three temperatures and conventional models for estimation of transpiration, JARQ-Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly. 36(2), 73- 8
