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1、Auguries of innocence 天真的预兆,一沙一世界，一花一天堂。 无限掌中置，刹那成永恒。 徐志摩（译）,To see a World in a Grain of Sand， And a Heaven in a Wild Flower， Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand， And Eternity in an hour.,William Blake,(1757-1827),William Blake,Poet and Painter Engraver雕刻师 Developed own mythology/religion First
2、major “Romantic” poet,Born in London on 28 November 1757 the son of a hosier. William did not attend school, and was educated at home by his mother. At the age of 10 he entered a drawing school and later studied for a time at the school of the Royal Academy of Arts.,At 14, Blake became apprenticed t
3、o engraver James Basire of Great Queen Street, for the term of seven years. At the age of 21, he was to become a professional engraver. At 24 he married Catherine Boucher.Later, in addition to teaching Catherine to read and write, he trained her as an engraver.,In 1800, Blake moved to a cottage at F
4、elpham in Sussex to take up a job illustrating阐明the works of William Hayley, a minor次要的，二流的poet. In August 1803 Blakes trouble with authority came to a head, when he was involved in a physical altercation with a soldier called John Schofield.,In 1804 Blake returned to London and began to write and i
5、llustrate Jerusalem耶路撒冷, his most ambitious work Later in his life Blake began to sell a great number of his works, particularly his Bible illustrations, to Thomas Butts. He died in his seventieth year.,Point of view,Politically Black was a rebel, making friends with those radicals激进分子. He strongly
6、criticized the capitalist cruel exploitation. He cherished great expectations and enthusiasm for the French Revolution. He once said the “dark satanic mills left men employed , killed children and forced prostitution“. Literarily Black was the first important romantic poet, showing contempt for the
7、rule of reason, opposite the classical tradition of the 18th century, and treasuring the individuals imagination.,Major Literary Works,Poetical Sketches素描诗集(1783): his earliest poems, full of joy, laughter, love and harmony Songs of Innocence (1789): present a happy and innocent world, though with i
8、ts evils and sufferings The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790): his first prophetical预言的work and most important prose work; explore the relationship of the contraries Songs of Experience (1794): present a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone Jerusalem耶路撒冷: The
9、 Emanation of the Giant Albion (1820): his longest illuminated work; expound his theory of Imagination,Blakes works,Songs of Innocence Songs of Experience,Songs of Innocence/Experience,Songs of Innocence (19) The Shepherd The Lamb The Chimney Sweeper Holy Thursday Night Spring A Dream On Anothers So
10、rrow,Songs of Experience (26) The Chimney Sweeper The Sick Rose The Tyger Ah! Sun-Flower (at wikisource) The Lily London A Poison Tree,Songs of Innocence(1789),Using a language which even little babies can learn by heart Presenting a happy and innocent world without evils and sufferings Everything s
11、eems to be in pious harmony. However, in “The little black boy” and “The chimney sweeper”, we find racial discrimination and sufferings of the poor.,A happy and innocent world without evils and sufferings,The Chimney Sweeper,The Chimney Sweeper is the title of two poems by William Blake, published i
12、n Songs of Innocence in 1789 and Songs of Experience in 1794.In the earlier poem, a young chimney sweeper recounts a dream had by one of his fellows, in which an angel rescues the boys from coffins and takes them to a sunny meadow; in the later poem, an apparently adult speaker encounters a child ch
13、imney sweeper abandoned in the snow while his parents are at church.,When my mother died I was very young, And my father sold me while yet my tongue, Could scarcely cry weep! weep! weep! weep! So your chimneys I sweep, and in soot I sleep. Theres little Tom Dacre, who cried when his head, That curle
14、d like a lambs back, was shaved: so I said, “Hush, Tom! never mind it, for when your heads bare, You know that the soot cannot spoil your white hair.“ And so he was quiet; and that very night, As Tom was a-sleeping, he had such a sight, That thousands of sweepers, Dick, Joe, Ned, and Jack, Were all
15、of them locked up in coffins of black.,The Chimney Sweeper,And by came an angel who had a bright key, And he opened the coffins and set them all free; Then down a green plain leaping, laughing, they run, And wash in a river, and shine in the sun. Then naked and white, all their bags left behind, The
16、y rise upon clouds and sport in the wind; And the angel told Tom, if hed be a good boy, Hed have God for his father, and never want joy. And so Tom awoke; and we rose in the dark, And got with our bags and our brushes to work. Though the morning was cold, Tom was happy and warm;,The Chimney Sweeper,我母亲死的时候，我还小得很, 我父亲把我拿出来卖给了别人, 我当时还不大喊得清，“扫呀扫！” 我就扫你们烟囱，裹煤屑睡觉. 有个小托姆，头发卷得像小羊头, 剃光的时候，哭得好伤心，好难受, 我就说：“小托姆，不要紧，光了脑袋, 打起来煤屑就不会糟踏你白头发。” 他就安安静静了，当天夜里， 托姆睡着了，事情就来得稀奇， 他看见千千万万的扫烟囱小孩 ， 阿猫阿
