《diction-in-translation》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《diction-in-translation（68页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Diction,1.Definition of diction,By “diction” we mean the proper choice of words and phrases in the target language on the basis of accurate comprehension of the source language text. 词语的选择是指在翻译过程中，基于对源语文本的精确理解，在目的语中选择恰当的词语或表达法，使之符合译文语境的表达需要。,Warm-up: Polysemy: it means that one word has various part
2、s of speech and various meanings. This war is becoming the most important story of this generation. Her story is one of the saddest. Oh, what a story! I dont believe a word of it. Last December the Post first reported that probes were being made in each of those cities，but officials refused to confi
3、rm the story. A young man came to the police office with a story.,Sweet potato He is a small potato. The topic of police brutality is a hot potato. His brother is not the clean potato. Couch potato Mouse potato,2.Correspondence between English and Chinese at Word Level 英汉词字层次对等关系,1) Full corresponde
4、nce 完全对应 指英语中有些词所表达的意义，在汉语中可以找到完全对应的词来表达，它们的意义在上下文中完全对等。这类词主要是通用的专有名词,日常生活中的事物名称,以及术语等。 the United Nations = 联合国 the Pacific Ocean = 太平洋 helicopter = 直升飞机 Marxism = 马克思主义 Aspirin = 阿斯匹林 激光= laser 白血病= leukemia,2)包孕(inclusion)或交叉(overlap)(一对多) 人皮 树皮 bark 兽皮 hide 书皮 果皮 Peel,汉语：determiner + generic wor
5、d 类名词 英语: specific word 汉语重整体思维，命名重统一，故多类名词，而英语少类名词。 鸟 雏鸟？ Fledgling; nestling; squab; Full-fledged,胡子,Beard Moustache Whiskers handlebar Goatee The Hitler-style moustache 美髯公？虬髯公？ A man with a carefully trimmed beard. bushy whisker/ curly/shaggy beard.,番茄汤 tomato soup 牛肉汤 beef broth 人参汤 ginseng dec
6、oction 出入请下车； 车未停稳，请勿下车； 徐霞客为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭。,堂兄 堂弟 堂姐 堂妹 表哥 表弟 表姐 表妹,cousin,张明和李丹是表亲。张明的母亲是李丹的姑母，李丹的母亲是张明的舅母。 Zhang Ming and Li Dan are cousins. Zhang Mings mother is Li Dans aunt who is the sister of Li Dans father，while Li Dans mother is Zhang Mings aunt who is the wife of Zhang Min
7、gs mothers brother,Uncle:叔父，伯父，姑父，姨父，舅父 audience: 听众、观众、读者 listener, spectator, reader,3) No equivalents Teenager； clock-watcher 文房四宝： the four treasures of the study (writing brush, ink-stick, ink-stone and paper) 乌纱帽： an official post 三伏天 Dog days,钱先生周岁时 “抓周”抓了一本书，因此得名“钟书”(舒展文钱钟书与杨绛) When Qian was
8、 just one year old, he was asked by his parents to choose one thing among others, he picked up a book of all things. There upon his father very gladly gave him the name: Zhong Shu (it means book-lover in Chinese). a vocational inclination test for a child,4）内涵意义冲突,Dragon Lady The Life and Legend of
9、the Last Empress of China 龙女？小龙女？ A. an imaginary animal with wings and claws, able to breathe out fire. B. a fierce person, esp. a woman. Implicit meaning：autocratic and tyrannical, sinister and ruthless. 龙夫人慈禧故事秦传安译,亚洲四小龙 The four Asian tigers 以外贸企业为龙头： With foreign trade enterprises as the dragon
10、 head. 此处“龙头”意为：引导、领头、先锋作用。 改译：with foreign trade firms as the locomotive/ flagship.,3. Choice of Wording Meanings Choosing the meaning of a word according to the part of speech used in the sentence. Iranian Protestors storm British Embassy.,He saw a man sawing trees with a saw 他看见一个人正用锯子锯树。 Needing
11、 some light to see by, the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light the light with the light green shade. 那个贼轻手轻脚的穿过房间，点亮了那盏有浅绿色灯罩的灯，以便照亮。 Eat what you can and can what you cannot 能吃的吃掉，吃不掉的就做成罐头。,With over 1.3 billion people, a united, a prosperous China will dwarf her Asian neighbors. T
12、he pole-vaulter bettered the world record by six inches.,Choosing the meaning of a word according to the Context,cover: They laid him on a stretcher and covered him with a blanket. The bandages were covered in blood. We covered 400km in three hours. Do these parking restrictions cover residents as w
13、ell as visitors?,Shes covering the American election for BBC television. Im going to the doctors tomorrow so do you think you could cover my shift for me? Will 50 cover your expense?,Does your travel insurance cover you against the loss or theft of cash? I think more singers have covered “Yesterday”
14、 than any other song. Weve got all the exits covered, so theyve got no chance of escape.,When I came to the farm as a bride, the rock was there, just around the corner of the house. It stuck up(突起，竖起) a couple of inches through the lawn waiting to trip me. Trip: cause to stumble; 我刚嫁到农场时，那块石头就在那儿，恰好
15、就在房子的拐角处。它有几英寸露在草坪外面，像是随时等着绊倒我。,甲：这一点小意思，请务必收下。 乙：你这人真是有意思，怎么也来这一套？ 甲：哎，只是意思意思。 乙：啊，真是不好意思。 甲：This is a little gift as a token of my appreciation. Please take it. 乙:Oh, arent you a bit too polite? You shouldnt do that. 甲：Well, it just conveys my gratitude. 乙：Ah, thank you then, though I really dont
16、deserve it.,中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍布全国。他在考察的过程中，从不盲目迷信书上的结论。 In his lifetime, Xu Xiake, a great traveler in Chinas Ming Dynasty, toured 16 provinces, leaving his footmarks in nearly every corner of the country. Made an exploratory trip; In the course of his exploration, he never took what have been recorded for granted.,为了进行真实、细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船。 In order to get a detailed and truthful observation / picture of the places h
