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1、跨国公司转让定价机制研究The Research on Mechanism for TransnationalCorporations Transfer Pricing- 47 -内 容 摘 要随着经济全球化的进一步发展，各国的经济联系日趋紧密，跨国经营日益普遍，跨国公司成为世界经济的主要推动者，转让定价问题日益受到世界各国的广泛关注。理论界从管理学、实务的角度探讨跨国公司转让定价的动机、方法，研究转让定价行为的成果较多，而从经济学和定量模型的角度研究跨国公司转让定价机制的成果却不多见，且其建立模型的假设条件多与实际不符，其模型对跨国企业的转让定价不太适用。因此，在环境约束下，跨国公司如何进行
2、转让定价实现公司目标最优化的研究，就成为本文要详细讨论和分析的重点。本文对跨国公司转让定价的理论进行深入研究和探讨，分析了转让定价的动机、途径、影响转让定价的各种因素以及转让定价的制定方法，并以此为理论基础，引入博弈论，运用经济学边际分析方法，在博弈均衡的基础上建立起转让定价模型。跨国公司转让定价是涉及多个利益主体的博弈过程。本文在对跨国公司母公司与子公司、子公司各投资者之间、跨国公司与东道国税务机关以及东道国、母国政府与跨国公司之间等四方面利益主体进行博弈分析过程中，逐步引入新的环境约束变量，并层层拓展，使建立的转让定价模型假设条件与实际情况更加接近；本文借助转让定价模型对跨国公司转让定价机
3、制进行深入剖析，导出“正向避税”和“逆向避税”的机理，得出影响跨国公司转让定价的主要因素并非税率，而跨国公司母公司对东道国合资子公司的投资比例、东道国税务机关的调查成本、以及罚款的大小，对跨国公司是否采用转让定价避税都具有影响；得出了跨国公司各利益主体独立追求自身利益最大化，以及跨国公司集团追求其全球利益最大化条件下的最优转让定价决策。最后，在新企业所得税法实施的大背景下，基于对转让定价机理的深入分析，从政府反避税的角度，对防范我国涉外企业实施转让定价避税提出对策；并从企业跨国经营策略的角度，为我国跨国公司集团在复杂的国际经济环境下，采用转让定价策略提出几点建议。本文收集，归纳，整理了百余篇相
4、关中英文资料，也吸收了学术界有关转让定价的研究成果。力求达到阐述观点明确，分析论证有据，对现实经济有实际参考价值。关键词：跨国公司；转让定价；利益博弈；转让定价机制AbstractWith the further development of economic globalization, countries of the increasingly close economic ties, transnational operations become increasingly common, transnational corporations become the main promote
5、rs of the world economy, transfer pricing problems have become an increasing concern around the world.Theoretical circles from the management, the practical point of view of the transnational corporations transfer pricing motives, methods, transfer pricing study of the results more, and economics an
6、d quantitative model from the perspective of multinational companies on the outcome of transfer pricing policy is very rare , And the establishment of the model assumptions and the actual number does not match, the model of transfer pricing of multinational companies do not apply. Therefore, how the
7、 environmental constraints, multinational companies how to achieve corporate objectives of transfer pricing optimization of quantitative research on a paper to be discussed in detail and analysis of the key. This paper on the theory of transnational corporations transfer pricing in-depth study and e
8、xploration of transfer pricing the motive, means and impact of transfer pricing of various factors and the development of methods of transfer pricing, and as a theoretical foundation for the introduction of game theory, the use of economic Of marginal analysis, in a balanced game on the basis of est
9、ablished transfer pricing decision-making model.Transnational corporations involved in a number of transfer pricing is the main interest of the game process, the paper in the parent company of multinational companies and subsidiaries, affiliates of the investors, transnational corporations and host
10、country tax authorities and the host country, the home country between the government and the multinational corporations Four main interests in the course of a game analysis, and gradually introduce new environmental constraints variables, and layers of development, so that the establishment of the
11、transfer-pricing model assumptions and the actual situation more close to this through transfer pricing model for multinational companies transfer pricing In-depth study of mechanisms, Export forward-avoidance and reverse tax of the mechanism of transfer pricing that affect multinational companies i
12、s not the main factor tax and multinational corporations to host a joint venture subsidiary of the parent companys investment ratio, the host country Tax authorities investigating the costs and the size of the multinational companies are using transfer pricing tax has affected the interests of multi
13、national corporations that the main independent pursuit of maximizing their own interests and multinational corporations to pursue its global interests groups to maximize conditions Under the optimal transfer pricing policy.Finally, in the new Enterprise Income Tax Law was implemented in the backgro
14、und, the Governments anti-tax avoidance from the perspective of preventing Chinas foreign-related enterprises, transfer pricing tax avoidance by the countermeasure from multinational enterprise business strategy point of view, for the Group of multinational companies in China The complicated interna
15、tional economic environment, using transfer pricing strategies to make recommendations.This paper collection, categorization, compiled hundreds of related information in both English and Chinese, but also absorbed the academic community on the results of research on transfer pricing. To the very clear view on, the proof of evidence, the economic reality there is a practical reference value.Keywords：Transnational corporations；Transfer Pricing；Game interests；Transfer pricing mechanism目 录内容摘要 Abstract引 言1一、跨国公司转让定价理论 5（一）转让定价及关联关系的概念及其界定51
