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1、What I have lived for,-Bertrand Russell,Catalog,About the author,Composition background,Text analysis,Rhetorical analysis,Emotion analysis,Personal view,Bertrand Russell(伯特兰罗素),伯特兰罗素(18721970)英国哲学家、数学家、社会学家,也是该世纪西方最著名、影响最大的学者和社会活动家。生于英国威尔士一个贵族世家。罗素一生著书多达七八十种,论文几千篇,广泛地涉及到哲学、数学、科学、伦理学、社会学、政治、教育、历史、宗教等
2、诸多方面,享有“百科全书”式思想家之称。,罗素的两则小故事,一、报复记者,罗素于1920年曾来过中国。可到中国后生了一场大病。病后,他拒绝任何报人的采访,一家对此很不满意的日本报刊谎登了罗素已去世的消息。后虽交涉,他们仍不愿收回此消息。 在他回国的路上,罗素取道日本,这家报社又设法采访他。作为报复,罗素让他的秘书给每个记者分发印好的字条,纸上写着:“由于罗素先生已死,他无法接受采访。”,二、人生的幸福,有一天,罗素的一位年轻朋友来看他。走进门后,只见罗素正双眼凝视房屋外边的花园,陷入了沉思。 这位朋友问他:“您在苦思冥想什么?” “每当我和一位大科学家谈话,我就肯定自己此生的幸福已经没有希望。
3、但每当我和我的花园谈天,我就深信人生充满了阳光。”,Composition background,What I have lived for是罗素自传的序言,罗素自传一共分为三卷。 第一卷记叙了罗素的早年岁月,他的家庭情况,他所受的教育,他最初的婚恋和他写作数学原理一书的背景。罗素自传(第1卷)揭示了支配着罗素生命之舟的三种激情:对爱情的渴望,对知识的追求,对人类苦难的同情。 第二卷记述了罗素在1914年到1944年间的生活经历,其中包括作者在第一次世界大战期间的和平主义立场,作者的第二次婚姻,对苏联的态度,在中国的经历,与中国各界的交往,以及作者在二战期间滞留美国讲学时所发生的一系列事件。
4、第三卷记叙了罗素在1944至1967年间的生活,其中介绍了他反对核武器试验、防止核战争、解决世界争端、参加和平抵抗活动等一系列事件,体现了他的和平主义主张。 这篇序言是他的一篇咏志散文,若干年来为人们所传诵。在这短短的323个单词中,除却精美准确的用词、飘逸优美的文风和悲天悯人的人文情怀,还有内部环环相扣的紧密逻辑,为人们所叹服。,What I have lived for 我为何而生,Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search
5、 of knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair. 我的一生被三种简单却又元比强烈的激情所控制:对爱的渴望,对知识的探索和对人类苦难难以抑制的怜悯。这些激情量像狂风,把我态情吹向四方,掠过苦痛的大海,迫使我
6、濒临绝望中的边缘。 I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy - ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of my life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness -that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over t
7、he rim of the world into the cold unfathomable abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the , that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what
8、-at last-I have found. 我寻求爱,首先因为它使我心为之着述,这种难以名状的美妙迷醉使我愿意用所有的余生去换取哪怕几个小时这样的幸福。我寻求爱,还因为它能缓解我心理上的孤独感,我感觉心灵的战采,仿如站在世界的边缘而面前是冰冷,无底的死亡深渊。我寻求爱,因为在我所目睹的结合中,我仿佛看到了圣贤与诗人们所向往的天堂之景。这就是我所寻找的,虽然对人的一生而言似乎有些遥不可及,但至少是我用尽一生所领悟到的。,With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of me
9、n. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway the flux. A little of this, but most of much, I have achieved. 我用同样的激情去寻求知识。我希望能理解人类的心灵,希望能够知道群星闪烁的缘由。我试图领悟毕达哥拉斯所景仰的“数即万物“的思想。我已经悟出了其中的一点点道理,尽管并不是很多。 Love and knowledge, so fa
10、r as they were possible, led upward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make
11、a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer. 爱和知识,用它们的力量把人引向天堂。但是同情却总把人又拽回到尘世中来。痛苦的呼喊声回荡在我的内心。饥饿的孩子,受压迫的难民,贫穷和痛苦的世界,都是对人类所憧憬的美好生活的无情嘲弄。我渴望能够减少邪恶,但是我无能为力,我也难逃其折磨。 This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it aga
12、in if the chance were offered to me. 这就是我的一生。我已经找到它的价值。而且如果有机会,我很愿意能再活它一次。,hither and thither 到处 in a wayward course 变幻莫测 unfathomable 深不可测的 abyss 无底洞,深渊 in the union of love 爱的结合 miniature 缩影,prefigure 预示 apprehend 理解,忧虑 reverberate 反射的,回响的 famine 饥荒,饥饿 oppressor 压制住,压迫者 mockery 嘲弄,笑柄,徒劳无功,Text ana
13、lysis,What I have lived for,love,knowledge,pity,unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind,brings ecstasy relieves loneliness find the heaven,the search of knowledge,understand hearts of men know why the stars shine apprehend the Pythagorean power(society),children in famine victims tortured by op
14、pressors the whole world of loneliness, poverty, pain,the longing for love,Rhetorical analysis,1、smile and metaphor: These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair. 这些激情量像狂风,把我态情吹向四方,掠过苦痛的大海
15、,迫使我濒临绝望中的边缘。 use there passions compare to wind,2、parallelism: the longing for love, the search of knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind 3、repetition: I have sought love. I have sought it.I have sought it.,4、examples: .and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make
16、a mockery of what human life should be.,Emotion analysis,What I have lived for 是选自罗素自传的一篇优秀散文。它既是作者心灵的抒发,也是生命体验的总结。作者以深刻的感悟和敏锐的目光,分析了人生中的三种激情,即对爱的渴望,使人欣喜若狂,既能解除孤独,又能发现美好的未来。对知识的追求,使人理解人心,了解宇宙,掌握知识。爱和知识把人引向天堂般的境界,而对人类的同情之心又使人回到苦难深重的人间。作者认为这就是人生,只得为此再活一次的人生。这篇散文耐人寻味,充满激情,充满感慨,充满智慧,情文并茂,逻辑性和感染力极强。连爱因斯坦都说“阅读罗素的作品是我一生中最快乐的时光之一”。,Personal view,So,what we have lived for?Our life always end with death ,It is not how many years we live, but rather what we do with them. Wed say i