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1、Chapter oneThe landFull name: 1.“United Kingdom of Great Britain And Northern ireland”2.“Britain” comes from “Brythons” (300BC)3.“England” comes from the “Anglo-saxon” conquerors. Means “Angla-land” , It also known as “Angles”Location: 1.English islands are seperated by “North sea” “English channel
2、“ “Dover strait” 2.50 degree and 60 degree north latitude 2 degree east and 8 degree west longitude 3.The prime meridian of 0 degree passes thorgh “Greenwich” 4.“on which sun never sets” Landforms: 1.Lowland area : Midland, Southern and eastern England. 2.Highland area:pennines, the lake district, m
3、ost of Wales and Scotland 3.England and Northern ireland are plains 4.Wales and scotland most are mountainous and highland.The rivers and lakes 1.The most important river: The Thames River,passes through the centre of London. 2.The longest river: The Serven River(流浪剑客之河，锤子长) 3.The Mersey River: Manc
4、hester by a ship canal,port Liverpool. 4.The most beautiful part in English: The lake District. 5.The largest lake:the Lake Neagh northern irelandThe Climate 1.temperate,maritime climate:damn,warm 2.London is a foggy city. 3.Rains a lot.lesssunny4.Weathers are instable.Population Including: English
5、(anglo-saxon); Scottish ; Welsh(Celts) ; Irish(celtis)Religion (most important part) 1.Conclusion: UK is a christian Country. 2.Established Church: The church of England. 3.The head of church: Queen or king, crowned by archbishop of canterbury westminster Abbey. Henry VIII 4.Kinds: a.Protestantism(F
6、ree church) b. non-christain religions: Buddhist, Jews, The Moslems c.Roman catholic is quite weak cause of the failure of Roman colonistsMajor cities London: The capital of England and UK. Inner outer Edinburgh: The capital of Scotland Cardiff : The capital of Wales coal shipping port Belfast: The
7、capital of Northern ireland.Birmingham: The second largest city in Britain.Glascow: The largest city in Scotland.Manchester: The oldest city in Britain and the centre of the textile industry.Chapter TwoCurrency and banking:pound sterling1. Old system: 1 pound = 20 shillings, 1 shillings= 12 pence2.N
8、ew system: 1 pound = 20 pence Cupronickel Coins: 50p 10p 5p Bronze: 2p 1p 0.5pPaper:1 pound , 5pound, 10 pound, 20pound3.The Bank of England is Britains Central bank. Both as a agent of government and for its own profits.4.”Big Four” : Lloyd, Barclay, Midland, National westminster Bank group.Chapter
9、 three The Monarchy1. constitutional monarchy :Queen or king(Queen Elizabeth II)2.Theoretically: The Monarchy has all the power-“Head of government” ,”Pardon criminal”, “Commander-in-chief of army forces”, “The head of The church of England”, “Declearing war”3.In reality: All the power rights are on
10、 the advice of prime minister. A formality of appointment.4.Monarchys importance: a. Public attitude. b. a symbol that queen seems helpful.5.Her royal duties: a. Visiting many parts of Britainic, cheer those workers up. b.Paying visit to foreign countries. c.To other Commonwelth countries.Parliament
11、The Uk is a unitary, not a federal country.Parliament is the supreme legislative authority in the realm.Consists: Sovereign(queen,give out a speech), House of lord(consists of peers. The head names The Lord Chancellor.) , House of Commons(650member,elected from 650 constitiencies. The meeting places
12、: A Chamber, named St.Stephens Chapel)Mainfunction: debating, passing legislation and supervising the goverment and finance.Method of legislation:a. Providing a bill by either The commons or lords. Lord cannot come up with any bills involving finance and money. b. The house of lord Cannot delay nor
13、involve the bills of financeGovernment1. Britain is a constitutional Monarchal country. Prime minister and other ministers that they all are appointed by Queen.2. A lot of ministers except for three specially titled ministers: The chancellor of the Exchequer(财政部长). The lord chancellor.3.Civil Servic
14、e The civil service is non- political, servants will not get changed when government changed its main leading party. Only by public competition.4.The Cabinet, Prime minister decided that few people can get into this group. There are few ministers of important department, and some other ministers wit
15、hout department.5.The Privy Council: All the ministers and ex-ministers. Gave as an honour, and entitled to the prefix “The right honourable” before their name.6.The prime minister: Control both Cabinet and Parliament that as he is the leader of the majority party in the Commons.General Election 5 years a time. Two principle parties: Conservative Party and the Labour Party. Some people who cannot be the voter: people under 18. Peers, Lunatics, the people who have alread
