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1、专题三 推理判断题,【英语】第三部分 阅读理解,A.方法帮题型全突破,目录 CONTENTS,方法1 细节推断题的做题方法 方法2 预测推断题的做题方法 方法3 文章来源或读者对象推断题的做题方法 方法4 写作意图推断题的做题方法 方法5 态度倾向推断题和评述性推断题的做题方法,B.考法帮考情全揭秘,A.方法帮题型全突破,题型突破 方法1 细节推断题的做题方法 方法2 预测推断题的做题方法 方法3 文章来源或读者对象推断题的做题方法 方法4 写作意图推断题的做题方法 方法5 态度倾向推断题和评述性推断题的做题 方法,一、题型概述 英语阅读中,有时作者并未把写作意图直接表达出来,阅读者要根据字面
2、意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓意,这就是推理判断题。推理判断题在阅读测试中属于难题,要求考生在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发, 运用逻辑思维,并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理和判断。推理判断题涉及的范围很广,主要包括细节推断、预测推断、对文章来源或读者对象的推断、写作意图推断以及态度倾向推断等。,英语 第三部分：阅读理解,题型突破,二、选项特点 1.正确选项的特点 (1)在文章中可以找到信息支持,并且可以推断出正确选项。 (2)大多含义深刻,不是常识选项。 2.干扰项的特点 (1)颠倒是非:选项的结果与推断出来的正确结果相反。 (2)照搬原文:
3、原文里有相关的直接信息,不需要经过推断。 (3)推理过度:把文章中的一些个案绝对化、扩大化。 (4)无中生有:捏造原文中并不存在的信息,并以此作为依据进行推断。,英语 第三部分：阅读理解,三、做推理判断题时应注意的问题 1.把握全文是推断的前提。把握全文内容,在彻底理解文章的基础上,从字里行间捕捉有用的提示或线索,这是推理判断的前提和基础。 2.不以偏概全,不断章取义,不就事论事。对于所阅读的表面信息进行加工处理,由浅入深,从具体到抽象,从特殊到一般。通过分析、综合和判断进行深层处理,然后进行符合逻辑的推理。 3.切忌用自己的观点来代替作者的观点。要忠于原文,以文章提供的线索和事实为依据,立足
4、已知,推知未知,立足现在,推知未来。不能主观臆想,凭空想象,随意揣测。,英语 第三部分：阅读理解,方法1 细节推断题的做题方法,1.细节推断题的常见设问形式 It can be inferred from the passage/text that . The author (strongly/mainly) suggests that . It can be concluded from the passage that . The writer implies but not directly states that . The writer/author indicates/implie
5、s that . Which of the following statements does the passage support? What does the author imply about newspapers?,2.做题方法 细节推断题要求考生根据短文内容推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。考生一般可根据短文提供的信息进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在联系,理解文章的真正含义,才可能作出准确的推断。,英语 第三部分：阅读理解,典例1 2016丙卷(全国),DBad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news
6、is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts, scientists have fo
7、und that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories. “The if it bleeds rule works for mass media,“ says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you c
8、are a lot more how they react. You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.“,英语 第三部分：阅读理解,Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didnt necessarily mea
9、n people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times website.He and
10、a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed“ list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with ot
11、hers.,英语 第三部分：阅读理解,Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an ar
12、ticle, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious:Why Things Catch On.“ 13.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer? A.Theyre socially inactive. C.Theyre inconsiderate of others. B.Theyre good at telling stories. D.Theyre careful with their word
13、s.,英语 第三部分：阅读理解,解析 考查细节推断。根据第二段可知,大众传媒想要吸引你的眼球而不关心你的内心感受,但是当你和朋友分享故事时,你对他们的反应要关心得多,你不希望他们把你看作Debbie Downer。由此可以推断,Debbie Downer和大众传媒是一样的,不会去关心他人的感受,故选C项,inconsiderate意为“不为别人着想的,不体谅他人的“。 答案 C,英语 第三部分：阅读理解,方法2 预测推断题的做题方法,1.预测推断题的常见设问形式 What do you think will happen when/if? At the end of this passage,
14、 the writer might continue to write . The paragraph following the passage will most probably be about . Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the following paragraph? 2.做题方法 有些内容文章中没有明确说明,这就要求考生根据语篇内容,对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行预测、推断。做这类题时考生应准确把握作者的写作思路,从而作出比较准确的、合情合理的猜测。
15、,典例2 2017安徽合肥二模,CBees play a vital role in the world. Unfortunately, bees are dying very fast. The main purpose of keeping bees is to make honey. Honey, shockingly, isnt used for human consumption; it is essential to the insects. Bees store honey in their hives(蜂箱) in order to have energy for their
16、flight muscles and for heating the hives in the winter. They collect pollen(花粉) which supplies protein for young bees to grow. According to , the production and quality of agricultural crops as a result of pollination by bees have increased a lot. These insects are responsible for over 70 kinds of the fruits and vegetables we eat today, including apples,英语 第三部分：阅读理解,grapes, beans and broccoli(西兰花). So if
