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1、The man in the picture is Professor Du. His job is teaching psychology in the collage. / Teaching psychology in the collage is his job. His perfect appearance makes thousands of women falling in love with him. However, the handsome man teaching in the class is actually an alien, who is used to livin
2、g in the earth.,表语,主语,宾补,定语,宾语,V-ing form as adverbial,Learning aims: 1. The functions of V-ing form as adverbial. 2. The testing points of V-ing form as adverbial in the collage entrance examination.,1. We sat in the classroom, listening to the teacher carefully. 2. If working hard, we can all achi
3、eve our dreams. 3. The heavy rain lasted for a month in Xiamen, causing a lot of damage. 4. Having starred in You, Who Comes from the Star， Mr. Kim becomes so popular. 5. Hearing the news that Mr. Kim would come to our school, we couldnt help jumping with joy. 6. Mr. Kim came to our school, taking t
4、he helicopter.,Function of V-ing form as adverbial,伴随状语,条件状语,结果状语,原因状语,时间状语,方式状语,V-ing的构成,V-ing是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成，表示与主语主动关系。V-ing同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）,doing,Being done,Having done,Having been done,V-ing的一般式和完成式：,V-ing的一般式的动作表示和后面句子的动作是同时进行的动作；完成式的动作是先于后面句子的动作发生。如： Being a student, he was interes
5、ted in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。,-ingV的否定形式是由not /never 加V-ing构成。如： 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。,Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.,V-ing的被动式,V-ing的被动式表示与主句的主语是被动关系。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，被动式有一般被
6、动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如：,被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。,（Having been criticized） by the teacher, he gave up smoking.,现在分词作状语,现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。现在分词作状语，常常用来表示原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。现在分词一般不用作表目的的状语（通常用不定式表目的的状语）。,1）表时间状语 V-ing短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。 注意：现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生有时可由连词when, while引出。如： Wh
7、ile reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。,看到那些画，她想起了她的童年。,Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.,When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.,While he was waiting for the bus,
8、he read a copy of China Daily.) While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.,2) 表原因状语（相当于一个原因状语从句） Being ill, he didnt go to school. 1.(=as he was ill, he didnt go to school.),Being a student, you should study hard. (=Since you are a student, you should study hard.）,2. 既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习
9、。,3. 由于想到他或许在家，所以我就给他打了电话。,Thinking he might be at home, I called him. (As I thought he might be at home, I called him.),3)表方式、伴随情况的状语 ：作伴随状语地分词表示的动作，必须是主语的一个 动作，或是与谓语所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生，或是对谓语表示的动作（或状态）作进一步地补充说明。,Eg. He sat on the sofa, watching TV. (=He sat on the sofa and watched TV.),他们笑着谈着走进了教室。,_ ,
10、 they went into the classroom.,他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。,He _the wall. (He stood and leaned against the wall.),Laughing and talking,stood leaning against,4) 表结果 Eg. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother. (=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.),全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了
11、一首最受欢迎的歌曲。,The song is sung all over the country,_.,making it the most popular song,（表意料之中的结果）,5)表条件,Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.),一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。,_, you will see a white house.,Walking ahead,1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what
12、I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.,Not having,working,Seeing,speaking,单句改错,5. “ Cant you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to
13、the notice on the wall. 6. Knocking at the door before entering, please. 7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world.,pointing,Knock,making,(6)与逻辑主语构成独立主格：,考点说明名词、代词+ -ing形式可构成独立主格 结构作时间、条件、原因、或伴随状语，此时-ing 形式的逻辑主语为前面的名词或代词。,典型例题 1. The moon _, we came
14、to the foot of the mountain. A. appeared B. appears C. appearing D. appear,析：C。该句意为：月亮出来时，我们在山脚下。Appearing 和 the moon构成独立主格结构作时间状语。,I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my hair. 我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。 All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。 Time permitting,
15、 well do another two exercises. 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。,有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式 With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。,方法揭秘解题时应牢记-ing形式独立主格结构作状语，与-ing形式作状语用法完全相同，只不过 独立主格结构中-ing形式逻辑主语为前面的名词或代词。 而-ing形式作状语时其逻辑主语是句子的主语。,7）独立成分： 有些分词短语可以做独立成分，用来解释整个句子，不受句子主语的限制。常见的分词短语有：generally(frankl
16、y,honestly) speaking, supposing (假设), judging from/by(从判断), talking of（谈到), speaking of（谈到）等。 Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys. Supposing you lose, what will you do? Judging from his accent, he must be from the north. Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing?,1、分词 (短语) 作状语时, 前后两个动作的主语是同一个人。(前后主语一致） 、分词
