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1、Welcome to the Grammar Class,I am a slow walker, but I never walk backwards. -Abraham Lincoln,He was born as the son of a peasant and died as the president of the US.,Introduction,plantation,slavery,declaration,emancipate,democracy,assassinate,The Emancipation Proclamation,Gettysburg Address,Gettysb
2、urg Address,Fourscore and seven years ago , our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.,decade,dozen,Gettysburg Address,Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nati
3、on so conceived and so dedicated can long endure.,The cruelty of the War,Where are the flowers, they are picked by the girls; Where are the girls, they are married to the boys;Where are the boys, they became soldiers; Where are the soldiers, they are buried in the tombs; Where are the tombs,they are
4、 covered by the flowers.,Punishiment,hike,observe,be entitled to,损失,notwithstanding,damage,hurt,injure,harm, impair,undermine,jepoardize,The employer will be entitled to give a reward to excellent workers and punish bad-performed work,单词对比,custom customer,confident confidential,public republic,conce
5、rt concerted,compose composed,词组,get away with,How do you get away with cheating?,deprive of,No one has the right to deprive of other peoples life .,at ones disposal,He placed $ 45 at my disposal,Contents,1.被动语态的特例 2. 四种时态 3. 词汇补充 4.倒装,主动形式表示被动意义（1）,1)wash, look, cut , feel等。 The silk feels smooth.
6、This knife cuts easily. 2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build等。 I was to blame for the accident. Much work remains.,主动形式表示被动意义（2）,3) 在need, require, deserve等后的动名词必须用主动形式。 The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. He deserves punishing= He deserves to be punished. 4) 特殊结构：make s
7、b. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。 I had my hair cut yesterday.,不能使用被动语态的情况（1）,1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态： appear, die,disappear, end , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, stand ,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silent, lose heart, take place. The story was happened in Lo
8、ndon.(错),不能使用被动语态的情况（2）,2. 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语： fit, have, marry, own, wish, cost, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to . 如：Your story agrees with what had already been heard.,不能使用被动语态的情况（3）,3) 系动词无被动语态： appear, be, becom
9、e, fall, feel, get, keep, look, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn It sounds good.,不能使用被动语态的情况（4）,4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态： die, death, dream, live, life She dreamed a bad dream last night.,nightmare,Exercise,1. The woman murdered her friend and _ to _. A. was sentenced , death B. sentenc
10、ing , die C. sentenced , death D. sentenced , die 2. Football - (play) in most countries of the world. 3. These story-books _(publish)next month.,1.A,2.is played,3.will be published,The Present Progressive Tense(1),1. 最基本的用法是表示此刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常和时间状语now、at the moment等连用。如： We are investigating the case
11、 about invasion of privacy. We are discussing how to address the problem of truancy.,现在进行时(2),2.某些表示位置转移的动词如go、leave、start、come等它们的现在进行时表示将来。如： He is leaving for Belgium tomorrow. She is coming back from Greece three day later.,现在进行时(3),3.现在进行时和always表示“经常”的状语连用，常带有一定的感情色彩，比如赞扬、厌烦、不满等。如： He is alway
12、s thinking of others more than himself. (赞扬) Tom is always complaining to me that he has a bad luck.(厌烦) My boss is always trying to exploit more from us.(不满),不用进行时的动词(1),1. 表示事实状态的动词 have, belong to, possess, cost, own, exist, include, contain, matter, continue 2. 心理状态的动词 know, realize, think, see,
13、 believe, suppose, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate,不用进行时的动词(2),3 ) 瞬间动词 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. 4) 系动词 seem, remain , see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn You seem a little tired.,The Past Progre
14、ssive Tense （1）,1. 过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。 They were negotiating with the government for better conditions of social service. The committee members were calculating the death toll in the tsunami during the past few weeks.,过去进行时（2）,2. 用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。 I was wondering if you could give me
15、 a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。 3. 过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩，也通常与 always,forever,continually等副词连用。 如：They were always quarrelling.,过去进行时（3）,3、表示故事发生的背景。 It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front. He was composing music when the Nazi came in and tortured him to death.,The Present Perfect Te
16、nse（1）,1.过去做的事情对现在的影响。 She has fulfilled her obligation as a competent mother. He has already obtained a scholarship. Overfishing and habitat destruction have diminished the number of the dolphin .,现在完成时（2）,2.从过去到现在一直持续的动作 He has been the nominal president since 1988. The supply of oil have diminished since of the war.,现在完成时（3）,have/has been to和have /has gone to的区别 1.Where is Tom?-He has gone to Copenhagen. 2.Where were you
