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1、英语三大从句在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有：who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示：先行词主格宾格所有格人whowhomwhose物whichwhich人或物thatthat（一）关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。An
2、 architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。whom代替人，是宾格，在定语从句作宾语，在非正式英语常可省略。Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗？whose一般代替人，有时亦可代替物，是所有格，在定语从句作定语。The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的
3、那个女学生过去在国外留学。Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字，你知道吗？（关系代词whose指代先行词hotel，正式用法应该用of which。whose window=the window of which，意思是：the window of the hotel。）（二）关系代词which的用法which代替物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。I do not like stories which have unhappy endings.我不喜欢有
4、不幸结局的小说。（which可以换成that）（三）关系代词that的用法that既可指人又可指物，在当代英语中大多指物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。： Is she the girl that sells newspapers?她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗？（that可以换成who）Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge?放在冰箱的冰激凌哪儿去了？（that可以换成which）Is this the book that you want to buy?这是你要买的那本书吗？ （that可以换成which，在定语从句作宾语，还可以省略
5、）二、关系副词引导的定语从句常用的关系副词只有三个：when, where, why，在定语从句中充当时间、地点和原因状语。（一）关系副词when的用法关系副词when代替的先行词表示的是时间，when在定语从句作时间状语。In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often.北京的七月和八月是常下雨的月份。（when先行词是months）（二）关系副词where的用法关系副词where代替的先行词表示的是地点，where在定语从句作地点状语。During the Spring Festival I went ba
6、ck to the town where I was brought up.春节期间，我回到了生我养我的家乡。（where的先行词是town）（三）关系副词why的用法关系副词why代替的先行词表示的是原因，why在定语从句作原因状语。The reason why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email.我打电话给你的原因是想问问你是否收到了我的电子邮件。（why先行词是reason， 当代英语里why可以用that替代，这时关系代词that就变成了表示原因的关系副词，还可以将why省略）三、特殊关系代词as引导
7、的定语从句（一）在固定搭配asas, soas, suchas, the sameas中，as引导定语从句You may take as many books as you want.你想要拿多少书就拿多少。（第一个as是副词，修饰many的；第二个as才是关系代词，代替先行词books，在定语从句中作宾语）（二）独立于主句之外，as引导定语从句As we know/ As is known to us, the earth turns around the sun. 正如我们所知，地球围绕太阳旋转。（As we know和 As is known to us均为定语从句，as分别作宾语和主语
8、，替代后面的主句。）Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China.你知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。（关系代词as指代整个主句，在定语从句中作宾语。）四、关系代词who, which与that的区别（一）关系代词who与that的区别1. 当关系代词用作主语时，多用主格who。He who loses hope loses all.失去希望的人就失去一切。（先行词为代词he, they, any, all, one等时，多用who）I met Alice, who told me that she was learning Chin
9、ese.我遇见艾丽斯，她告诉我她在学汉语。（在非限制性定语从句中，用who）2. 当关系代词用作介词后的宾语时，用宾格whom，不用that。The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our English teacher.我们校长刚才与他谈话的那个人是我们的英语老师。（介词与关系代词紧密相连时，只能用宾格whom，不可用主格who）注意：介词与关系代词不是紧密相连时，或者说介词放在句子后面时，这时可以用主格who，也可用that，还可以省略关系代词。因此，上面的这句话还可以有如下四种说法：(1) The man whom our he
10、admaster talked to just now is our English teacher.(2) The man who our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.(3) The man that our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.(4) The man our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.3. 当关系代词泛指人时，多用that。He is a man t
11、hat is never afraid of failure.他是个从不怕失败的人。（that用来泛指人）4. 当关系代词出现在who开头的疑问句时，应用that。例如：Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English?用英语同汤姆交谈的那个女孩是谁？（避免重复使用who，以免造成误解或语义含混不清）（二）关系代词which与that的区别1. 当先行词为all, much, little以及不定代词anything, something, everything等时，关系代词多用that。All that glitters is not gol
12、d. 闪闪发光物，未必尽黄金。She told me everything that she knew. 她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。2. 当先行词的前面有形容词最高级、序数词或限定词the only, the very, all, every, any, no等时，关系代词一般都用that。This is the best novel that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最好的一部小说。He is the only person that has been invited to the ball. 他是惟一应邀参加舞会的人。3. 当关系代词出现在which开头的疑问句
13、时，应用that。Which was the hotel that was recommended to the foreign guest? 哪一个是推荐给外宾的宾馆？（这里使用that很明显是为了避免重复which）4. 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词一般只用which。Beijing, which is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China, will host the 2008 Olympic Games. 北京是中华人民共和国的首都，将主办2008年奥运会。5. 介词后的关系代词用which，而不用that。She has coll
14、ected 600 stamps, 60% of which are German stamps. 她收集了600张邮票，其中60是德国邮票。五、定语从句的位置如前所述，定语从句一般总是直接置于所修饰的名词或代词之后。有时候，定语从句与先行词之间插入了其他的短语，这样它们被分隔了，这种情况下的定语从句被称作隔离定语从句。There was a girl upstairs who was shouting and crying, obviously mad.楼上有一个女孩，大喊大叫。很明显，她疯了。（定语从句who was shouting and crying修饰the girl，被upsta
15、irs所隔开）A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.明天要来一位新老师教你们德语了。（定语从句置于句末以示强调）下载名词性从句宾语从句一、引导词（1）由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。如：I told him that he was wrong.在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think 等动词变为否定形式。（见语法：否定转移）如：I dont think you are right. (我认为你做的不对)在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)（2） 由连词if、 whether 引导的表示“是否”的宾语从句。Wh
