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1、1,高 鑫 Gao Xin Department of Endocrinology Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University Gao.xinzs-,Principles of Endocrinology,2,Three stages of endocrinology development 内分泌学发展三阶段,腺体内分泌学 Organic Endocrinology 组织内分泌学 Histological Endocrinology 分子内分泌学 Moleculer Endocrinology,3,Principles of Endocrinology,Basic
2、 of endocrinology_ Structure and function of Endocrinology System 1. Endocrine glands and cells 2. Hormone secretion cell 3. Definition of hormone: classification Synthesis and Elimination Diurnalrhythms Variation 4.Correlation with neural and immune system 5. Regulation of endocrine systems Axis ra
3、gulation Regulation between hormones 6. Mechanisms of Hormone Action Hormones with Cell Surface Receptors:4 types Hormones with Intracellular Receptors Downstream Signaling Pathways 7. Nutriment metabolism Clinical endocrinology Characteristic of endocrine systems: Principles of Diagnosis :Function,
4、 Localization, Pathological diagnosis Principles of prevention and treatment,4,Principles of Endocrinology,一、内分泌学基础-内分泌系统结构与功能 一、内分泌腺和激素分泌细胞 二、激素分泌细胞的结构特点 三、激素定义：分类 激素的合成与贮存 激素分泌方式 激素转运 激素降解与转换 激素的分泌节律 血浆激素组分的不均一性 激素合成与分泌的调节途径 激素与神经系统及免疫系统的相互联系 四、内分泌调节轴与调节系统 内分泌调节轴 激素间的相互调节与影响 五、激素作用机制 主要作用于核转录因子的激素
5、 主要与靶细胞表面受体结合的激素 ： 激素-膜受体相互作用 ；膜受体结构： 一般将膜受体分为四类 激素信号的受体后转导通路 六、营养素代谢 二、临床内分泌 内分泌系统疾病特点： 诊断原则：诊断包括功能诊断、定位诊断诊断和病因诊断（解剖诊断） 治疗原则治原则：,5,Principles of Endocrinology,Basic of endocrinology_ Structure and function of Endocrinology System 1. Endocrine glands and cells 2. Hormone secretion cell 3. Definition
6、 of hormone: classification Synthesis and Elimination Diurnalrhythms Variation 4.Correlation with neural and immune system 5. Regulation of endocrine systems Axis ragulation Regulation between hormones 6. Mechanisms of Hormone Action Hormones with Cell Surface Receptors:4 types Hormones with Intrace
7、llular Receptors Downstream Signaling Pathways 7. Nutriment metabolism Clinical endocrinology Characteristic of endocrine systems: Principles of Diagnosis :Function, Localization, Pathological diagnosis Principles of prevention and treatment,6,Endocrine System,Endocrine glands,Hormones and their reg
8、ulation system,Metabolic Process 代谢过程,Organs Function 器官功能,Growth and development 生长发育,Reproduction and aging 生殖衰老,Diffused nerve and endocrine Cells in other tissue,Nervous System,7,Endocrine System,Endocrine glands,Hormones and their regulation system,Metabolic Process 代谢过程,Organs Function 器官功能,Gr
9、owth and development 生长发育,Reproduction and aging 生殖衰老,Diffused nerve and endocrine Cells in other tissue,Nervous System,8,Principles of Endocrinology,Endocrine glands,9,Endocrine System,Endocrine glands,Hormones and their regulation system,Metabolic Process 代谢过程,Organs Function 器官功能,Growth and devel
10、opment 生长发育,Reproduction and aging 生殖衰老,Diffused nerve and endocrine Cells in other tissue,Nervous System,10,Diffused nerve and endocrine Cells in other tissue,Principles of Endocrinology,11,Principles of Endocrinology,Basic of Endocrinology is the study of: (1) hormones (2) their receptors (3) and
11、the intracellular signalling pathways Clinical endocrinology is the study of endocrine diseases (1) hormone overproduction; (2) hormone underproduction; (3) altered tissue responses to hormones; (4) tumors of endocrine glands.,12,Principles of Endocrinology,Definition of hormone,Hormones are chemica
12、l messengers secreted into blood or extracellular fluid by one cell that affect the functioning of other cells.,What exactly are hormones?,13,14,15,Principles of Endocrinology,16,Principles of Endocrinology,17,Principles of Endocrinology,18,Principles of Endocrinology,Hormones classification,Most co
13、mmonly, hormones are categorized into four structural groups: Peptides and proteins : ACTH,LH, FSH, PHT, TSH, Insulin ,Glucagon, IGFs Steroids : cortisone, aldosterone, 1,25(OH)2 D3 , androgen, estrogen Amino acid derivatives: catecholamine , noradrenalin,adrenalin Fatty acid derivatives: prostaglan
14、dings, Retinol,19,Regulation of endocrine systems,20,Regulation of endocrine systems,21,22,Anterior Pituitary Hormones,23,Mechanisms of Hormones Action and intracellular signalling pathways,与膜受体结合 G蛋白偶联 发挥生物效应,（肽类激素、生物胺、前列腺素）,与膜受体结合 受体自身磷酸化 发挥生物学效应 （酪氨酸激酶） （生长因子家族、Insulin , IGFs),与核受体结合 与DNA特异序列结合 功
15、能蛋白转录 （甾体类激素）,24,Mechanisms of Hormones Action and intracellular signalling pathways,25,G-protein coupled 7 membrane spanning receptor,26,G-protein coupled 7 membrane spanning receptor,27,Mechanisms of Insulin Action and intracellular signalling pathways,28,Mechanisms of Nuclear Receptor Action,29,3
16、0,Three stages of endocrinology development 内分泌学发展三阶段,腺体内分泌学 Organic Endocrinology 组织内分泌学 Histological Endocrinology 分子内分泌学 Moleculer Endocrinology,31,Principles of Endocrinology,Ted Ryder -one of the first patients of type 1 diabetes treated by insulin in 1922,32,Principles of Endocrinology,J.J.R. Macleod (1876-1935),Frederick G.Banting (1891-1941),James
