《短文改错十大考点总结》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《短文改错十大考点总结（12页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、考点破解一：名词的数与格的误用真题再练下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词)，请指出并改正过来，然后说明理由。1.(2015新课标卷I) The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.2.(2014新课标卷I) Since thenfor all these yearwe have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.3.(2013新课标卷I) He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard
2、that turned from black to gray over the years.4.(2012新课标卷) From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy.5.(2011新课标卷) It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.6.(2011新课标卷) When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.7.(2015新课标卷II) One
3、day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded. he turned around and found that his parents were missing.8.(2014新课标卷II) For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.9.(2013新课标卷II) When tea got popular in Britain, there
4、was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.思路点拨解答这类题主要有6条依据：1.依据可数名词与不可数名词的用法特点。可数名词大于一时要用复数，不可数名词一般没有复数形式。如air, milk, water等物质名词与music, advice, fun等抽象名词是不可数名词，一般是没有复数形式的。还有luggage, furniture, equipment等都是容易出错的不可数名词。2.依据名词前的修饰语。如名词前有these, those, ten等修饰时，应当用复数。如真题再练2，these ye
5、ar就错了，要用these years才正确。3.依据主谓一致原则。如果谓语动词是复数，主语也应是复数；如果谓语动词是单数，主语也应是单数。如真题再练1，谓语是is getting，而主语是airs，可知这里一定有问题。4.依据上下文信息。如真题再练7，Tony went toa shopping center with his parent，汤姆是同他的父亲或母亲，还是同他父母一起去商场？下文his parents were missing告诉我们，是同父母一起去的，故parent应用复数。5.依据生活常识。如真题再练3，一个人的肩膀是有左有右的，应当用复数。如果没有这个常识就无法正确指出w
6、ith broad shoulder这一错误。6.依据逻辑意义。如真题再练6，“当我最终到达朋友时”，“到达朋友”怎么讲得通呢？这里一定有问题，应当是“到达朋友的家”才通顺。考点归纳名词是短文改错的必考点，5年8套题中无一例外。主要考查名词的“数”与“格”，具体有3点：1.不可数名词没有复数，文中却用了复数。如真题再练第1题和第5题。要牢记常见的不可数名词，如：fun, advice,information, work(工作), homework, housework, progress, luggage, furniture, equipment,money等。2.可数名词该用复数时，文中却
7、用了单数。如真题再练第2、3、4、7、8、9题。显然，这是考查的重点。要注意可数名词前有these, those, several, few, many, a large number of, each of, one of, 或大于1的数词修饰时，以及虽无这些词但根据语境其意义大于1时，一定要用复数形式。3.表示“某人的”本应用名词的所有格，文中却没用。如真题再练第6题。注意，以下情况中，名词所有格后的名词可省略：a butchers(shop)肉铺，a tailors(shop)裁缝店，a barbers(shop)理发店，a doctors(office)诊所，my sisters(ho
8、me)我姐姐家，其中shop,office, home等表示处所的词都可以省略，直接用名词所有格表示。考点破解二：代词的误用与漏用真题再练下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词)，请指出并改正过来，然后说明理由。1.(2015新课标卷I) We must find ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, well live to regret it.2.(2013新课标卷I) He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others3.(201
9、2新课标卷) I was happy when the toys worked, but when things went wrong, I got angry and broke it.4.(2012新课标卷) For a while, parents bought me new toys.5.(2015新课标卷II) Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. 思路点拨解答这类题需注意两点：1. 弄清指代对象。凡是核查代词是否有错，关键是核查该代词的指代对象，即到底是指代谁或什么，弄清指代的对象是人还是物，是男还是女，是单数还是复数。2. 留意三无名词。即要
10、特别留意前面无冠词、无物主代词、无不定代词的名词。遇到三无名词，要自问：是泛指吗？如果不是泛指，具体又是谁的呢？如真题再练第4题，“父母给我买了新玩具”，是泛指天下所有的父母？不是！是谁的父母给我买玩具？我的父母！故parents前应加上my。 考点归纳代词是短文改错的常考点，5年8套题中考了5次。主要从5个方面考查代词。1. 前后人称不一致。如真题再练1，your与前后的we不一致。2. 前后单复数不一致。如真题再练3，it与指代对象the toys在单复数上不一致。3. 前后的性别不一致。如前后谈的是一个女人，却冒出he或his来，反之亦然。4. 物主代词的漏用。如真题再练4、5题。5.
11、this, that, it的区别；anything与everything的区别。考点破解三：冠词的混用、多用与少用真题再练下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词)，请指出并改正过来，然后说明理由。1.(2015新课标卷I) Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. 2.(2014新课标卷I) As result, the plants are growing everywhere.3.(2013新课标卷I) In a fact, he even scared my classmates
12、 away when they came over to play or do homework with me.4.(2011新课标卷) I was going to visit a friend there, and after that, I would go to Xiamen for long holiday.5.(2015新课标卷II) He liked it so much that he quickly walked into the shop A woman saw him crying and told him to wait out side a shop.6.(2014
13、新课标卷II) My dream school looks like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.7.(2013新课标卷II) This custom soon became another meal of day.思路点拨1.留意三无名词。遇到无冠词、无形容词性物主代词、无不定代词修饰的单数可数名词要注意，若根据语境不是将其变为复数，就一定是在前面加冠词。如真题再练4、7。2.留意固定词组。固定词组常积累，就成火眼金睛，一看便知错。如真题再练
14、1、2、3。3.考究是否用错。要根据冠词的基本用法，如定冠词表示特指，一般来说不是特指不用定冠词；不定冠词表泛指，常可译作“一个/本/支”等，意义不通，可能有错。如真题再练6。冠词的基本用法可参见语法填空部分。 考点归纳冠词在5年8套题中考了7次，可算作必考点。主要从以下3个方面考查冠词：1. 混用。即a, an与the的混用。如真题再练5。2. 多用。如真题再练第3、6题。考查的内容是“零冠词”，即不用冠词的情况：(1)专有名词前，如Tom, China等。(2)学科名词前，如I like physics。(3)球类运动名词前，如play football等。(4)三餐名词前，如have b
15、reakfast等。(5)唯一职位名词前，如chairman, president等。(6)名词前已有物主代词或不定代词时，如my teacher, some students等。(7)抽象名词和物质名词等不可数名词表示泛指时，如Im fond of music.(8)可数名词的复数形式表示泛指或指一类事物时，如真题再练6。(9)不用冠词的固定词组，如真题再练3。3. 少用。这是考查的重点，8套题中考了4次。如真题再练第1、2、4、7题。要特别留意含有冠词的固定词组。如真题再练第1、2题。考点破解四：介词误用、多用与少用真题再练下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词)，请指出并改正过来，然后说明理由。1.(2015新课标卷I) Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.2.(2014新课标卷I) Nearly five years ago, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes in our back garden.
