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1、非 谓 语 动 词,DOING DONE TO DO,非,谓语动词,动名词 gerund,不定式 infinitive,分词 participle,非谓语动词,1性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外一切成分。,2形式,不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。 动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语。 分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语形成分,3语态：必须搞清逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系，从而来确定非谓语动词态的语态。,过 去 分 词,DONE
2、,动词ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种，它具有动词的一些特点，同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能，在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足等。,1 动词ed形式表示已完成的动作。 除了作形容词用的动词-ed形式外，动词-ed形式可带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。 Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. One of the glasses was found broken. The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese
3、people.,2 及物动词的ed形式一般表示被动的意思。 Given more time, I could have solved that riddle. When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood. The experience gained in the army was of great value to our study. 3 不及物动词ed形式只表示完成的意义，并不带有被动的含义。 an escaped prisoner 逃犯 = a prisoner who has escaped a retired
4、 worker 退休工人= a worker who has retired a newly arrived guest 新来的客人 = a guest who has just arrived People should pay attention to the changed situation.,1 动词ed形式在连系动词后作表语，说明主语的状态。 The students are fully prepared. When we got there, the shop was closed. 比较 要把动词-ed形式作表语和被动语态区别开来。作表语的-ed形式表示状态，被动语态表示被动动
5、作。 Peter the Great is buried here. Peter the Great was buried here in 1725. 2 同一动词的ed形式与ing形式作表语时的区别。 动词-ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意思， 动词-ing形式作表语多表示主语具有的特征，含有主动的意思。,They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved. 比较： amus
6、ing 使人高兴的 amused 开心的 encouraging 鼓舞人心的 encouraged 受鼓励的 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 失望的 exciting 使人激动的 excited 激动的 puzzling 迷惑人的 puzzled 迷惑的 satisfying 令人满意的 satisfied 感到满意的 Worrying 令人烦恼的 worried 烦恼的 tiring 引起疲劳的 tired 疲劳的 pleasing 令人愉快的 pleased 高兴的 astonishing 令人惊讶的 astonished 惊讶的,1）分词与动名词作表语时
7、的区别： 1.Our plan is _finishing_( finish ) the task before May. 2. Toms job was _guarding_( guard ) the factory. 3. His lecture is interesting (interest ), which made us interested ( interest ). 4. The situation is encouraging( encourage).,当作宾语补足语的动词和前面的宾语之间是被动关系时，一般应用动词-ed形式作宾语补足语。 1 在感觉动词see, hear,
8、feel, notice, watch, find等后作宾语补足语。 I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night. We found all the rivers seriously polluted. 比 较 动词get后也可接动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，和宾语是主动关系。 I couldnt get the car to start this morning. He got his sister to help him with his clothes. It is not hard to get him talking; the
9、 problem is stopping him!,2 在使役动词get, have, make, leave, keep等后作宾语补足语。 动词-ed形式作get的宾语补足语。 Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital. Ill just get these dishes washed and then Ill come. 动词-ed形式作make的宾语补足语。 He raised his voice in order to make himself heard. You should make your views known t
10、o the public. 动词-ed形式作keep或leave的宾语补足语。 They all went home, leaving all the work undone. The detective and his assistant kept themselves locked in the room all night.,比较 动词get后也可接动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，和宾语是主动关系。 I couldnt get the car to start this morning. It is not hard to get him talking; the proble
11、m is stopping him! Can you really get that old clock going again? 点津坊 动词make后的宾语补足语可用不带to的动词不定式或动词-ed形式，但不可用动词-ing形式。 【误】Can you make the students understanding the text? 【正】Can you make the students understand the text? 【正】Can you make the text understood by the students?, 使役动词have后既可接动词-ed形式，也可接动词
12、不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。三者之间有一定的区别。 have 不定式动作由have的宾语发出， 表示让某人做某事 Im going to have the teacher answer this question after class. 1. 让某人做某事或让某种情况发生。 He had the car waiting outside. 2. 常用于否定结构，表示“不容忍”、“不能让”。 We wont have the child talking to his mother like that., 使役动词have后既可接动词-ed形式，也可接动词不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语补
13、足语。三者之间有一定的区别。 Have 1. 宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，表示某事由别人做。 *Where did you have your hair cut? 2. 表示主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境。 *The house had its roof blown off. 3. 完成某事(自己也可能参与)。 *He has had one thousand yuan saved. 4. 否定式表示“不允许”。 *I wont have anything said against her.,3 动词ed形式也可用在with (without) 结构中，作介词的宾语补足语。 With
14、 everything well arranged, he left the office. She has come back with her backpack filled with interesting picture-books. Without any more time given, we couldnt finish the task in three weeks. 4 某些动词后(如want, need, prefer, would like等)，作宾语补足语的不定式被动形式省略“to be”，就成了动词ed形式作宾语补足语。 I would like this matte
15、r (to be) settled immediately. The peasants dont want good farmland (to be) built on.,3）现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别： +sb do (经常性动作) +sb doing sth. （正在进行） +sth done （被动） 1.I used to see these boys _( play ) on the playground. 2.I saw them _( play ) the computer this afternoon. 3.She was surprised to find the house _( break ) into when she went back home.,4. Unfortunately, he got his wallet _( steal ) on the bus. 5. He wont have us _( criticize ) him. 6. Its a bad habit to leave the work _( undo ). 7. Yesterday I caught him _( take ) my dictionary when I went into the classroom.,1 前置定语 单
