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1、Unit 3,Discovering useful structures,Noun clauses as the object and predicative,Read the text and underline the sentences containing noun clauses as the object or predicative.,1. Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London. 2. I wonder, Mr. Adams, if you
2、d mind us asking a few questions. 3. The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which 4. Thats why weve given you the letter.,名词性从句相当于名词，在复合句中可分别作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。 名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句。,The Objective Clause,在复合句中作宾语的从句称作宾语从句，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非限定动词及某些形容词的宾语。 引导宾语从句词有连词that
3、，if，whether；连接代词who，whose，what，which；连接副词when，where，how， why等。,I think (that) women can reach very high achievements in many fields of science. 2) I wonder whether/if she remembered how many babies she had delivered. 3) Do you know who/whom Jack was speaking to? 4) He asked whose car it was. 5) Pay
4、attention to what the doctor said. 6) Please tell me when the earthquake took place. 7) Will you tell me how I can keep fit and healthy?,做动词的宾语,(1)大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后： (2)有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语：,(3)如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语 it 而将从句放到补足语后面；,He doesnt know where the post office is.,He told me what I should read.,I tho
5、ught it strange that he failed to call me.,(4)在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则将主句谓语动词think等变为否定形式。,I dont think you are right.,(5) 在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及 Im afraid 等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可用not代替一个否定的宾语从句。,- Do you believe it will clear up? - I believe so
6、. I dont believe so. (或I believe not.),Did she say anything about how we should do the work? Your article is all right except that it is too long. I was surprised at what he said.,做介词的宾语,做形容词的宾语,Im sure that he will come and join us.,He is pleased that he has passed the test.,【2013 湖南】 Do not let an
7、y failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory. A. how B. that C. which D. where 【解析】考查名词性从句。动词tell 之后为宾语从句，再可以看出宾语从句部分为感叹句转换而来，描述形容词close 用how，故选A。,高考真题,【2013 山东】 Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away. A. what B. whose C. which D. that 【
8、解析】考查名词性从句。动词know 之后为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故用that 表陈述一件实事。,【2013 新课标I 卷】 Police have found _ appears to be the lost ancient statue. A. which B. where C. how D. what 【解析】考查名词性从句。动词found 后所接为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语指事物，故填上代词what。,Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently. （
9、2012 北京高考） A. why B. how C. that D. whether 答案：C 考点：考名词从句，名词从句结构完整不缺少含义，that不做成份没意义，A和B即做成份也有含义，D有含义不做成份。,It is not always easy for the public to see _ use a new invention can be of to human life. (2011重庆) A. whose B. what C. which D. that 答案：B 解析：考查宾语从句。分析句子结构，介词of 后面缺宾语，指代物，故选what。,Weve offered he
10、r the job, but I didnt know _ shell accept it. (2011山东) A. where B. what C. whether D. which 答案：C 解析：考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。句中的but暗示“不知道她是否会接受”，故答案为C。本句意思是：我们给她提供了一份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。,The Predicative Clause,1. that 引导的表语从句 连接词that 仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。 The chance is that one smok
11、er in four will die from smoking.,在复合句中作表语的从句称作表语从句，位于连系动词（be，seem，remain等）之后。,2. whether 引导的表语从句 连接词whether起连接作用， 意为“是否、究竟、到底”，（注意：if不能引导表语从句) 在句中也不作任何成分。 The question is whether what man will turn up in time.,连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语。 Tom is no longer what he u
12、sed to be. The question is which of us should come first. The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.,3. what, which, who, whom, whose引导的表语 从句,4. where, when, why, how引导的表语从句 连接副词where, when, why, how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、
13、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。 Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting. This is how they overcome the difficulties. My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.,5. 其他连词as if, because, as, as though 引导的表语从句because引导表语从句通常只用于This / That / It is because 结构中。,My a
14、nger is because you havent written to me for a long time.,名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不用because. as if / as though引导的表语从句，常置于连系动词look, seem, sound, be, become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。 It sounds as if / as though somebody was knocking at the door.,【2013 安徽】From space, the earth looks blue. This i
15、s _ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. A. why B. how C. because D. whether 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词性从句。此处考查表语从句。根据句意：地球看起来是蓝色的，这是因为其表面71%是被水覆盖的。,高考真题,Id like to start my own business - thats Id do if I had the money. (2011陕西) A. why B. when C. which D. what 答案：D 解析：考查表语从句的用法。分析句子结构可
16、知to start my own business在句中作宾语，故用what引导，意为“如果我有钱了我想自己创业，那就是我想做的事”。,Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. (2011山东) A. that B. when C. where D. why 答案：D 解析：考查表语从句。分析句意可知，前半句表示原因，空格后的句子表示结果，故用why引导。why引导表语从句时，遵循前因后果的原则。本句意思是：恐怕他说得多，做得少，这就是为什么他从来都完不成任何事情的原因。,1. Go and get
