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1、Unit Two Transportation,Part I Five Modes of Transportation Lead In Supposing you must send 12000 tons goods in the next days, but the loading takes too much time and you need to save that. You have a transport chain over sea and over land. Which modes of transportation will you choose? What will be
2、 the advantage?,Preview of the text Answer the following questions and discuss your answers in class. 1) What are the characteristics of road transportation? 2) What are the advantages of water transport?,Text: Functions and Five Modes of Transportation,Functions of Transportation Transportation is
3、a critical part of any global logistics effort because of the long distances that can separate a firm from its customers. Transportation allows production and consumption to take place at locations that are several hundreds or thousands of kilometers away from each other.,The five modes of transport
4、ation The five modes of transportation are rail, road, pipeline, water and air. Each has different economic and service characteristics.,Rail transport: the railroad is a slow mover of raw materials (coal, chemicals, etc.) and of low-value finished products (paper, tinned food, etc.). This is due ma
5、inly to three reasons: convoys transporting freight have low priority compared to trains transporting passengers; direct train connections are quite rare; a convoy must include tens of cars in order to be worth operating.,Road transport: In most cases of road transport, Motor Carriers Transport is u
6、sed. The motor carrier is very much a part of any transport chain. Almost every logistics operation utilizes the motor truck, from the smallest pickup truck to the largest tractor-semitrailer combination, in some capacity. The motor carrier industry consists of for-hire and private carriers. Private
7、 motor carriers transport freight that is owned by the firm that owns/leases and operates the trucks. The logistics manager must consider the relatively high cost of using a motor carrier. The average truck revenue per ton-mile is higher than that of rail and water. The average distance is about 100
8、0 miles for using trucks in some cases. The loading area is protected by tarpaulin. The commodity must be well secured as the tarpaulin may not withstand high speed.,Water transport or Transport by ship is by far the most widely used and important. Global shipment methods rank for two-thirds of all
9、international movements. Advantages of ocean transport include low rates and the ability to transport a wide variety of products and shipment sizes. Primary disadvantages include long transit times (slow speed), low accessibility, and higher potential for shipment damage. The wide use of containers
10、has reduced the damage the potential and increased accessibility via connections with other modes (rail and truck) from points of origins to destinations. Traffic moving on inland waterways tends to be low value / high volume: coal, building materials, agricultural products.,Air transport is often v
11、iewed as a premium, emergency-type service that is used when all else fails. The most expensive of all the modes of transport, airfreight offers the logistics manager fast, on-time service, but at a relatively high price. However, for firms supporting global markets, air may in fact be the most cost
12、-effective mode of transport when inventory and customer service issues are considered. Air transportation is best suited to moving relatively small high-value/low-volume items long distances, although things as diverse as livestock and automobiles routinely move by air as well.,Pipelines are primar
13、ily used to move petroleum, natural gas, and chemicals. For suitable commodities, pipelines are the most efficient mode of transport. They offer a closed system with little risk of loss or damage to the products moved, and extremely low costs because minimal labor is involved in their operation. How
14、ever, they typically serve a limited geographic area over routes that are virtually fixed. In addition, they only offer one-way service, although product can move 24 hours per day, seven days per week.,In fact, in real settlement of transportation, the logistic companies always combine the one of th
15、e way of transportation with another, even mixuse three of them. Considerations in transport If we work in the transport management, we have to consider a lot of different points. We always have to consider: *Reducing the number of carriers *Negotiation with carriers *Contracting with carriers *Cons
16、olidating Shipments *Monitoring Service Quality *Federal regulations *Transportation services *Costs of service *Value of service,New Words and Expressions,stimulate stimjuleit v. 刺激、鼓励 freight freit n. 货运; 货物 carrier kri n. 承运人 crew kru: n. 工作人员 terminal t:minl n. 航空站；（火车、公共汽车或船的）终点站 common transportation 共同运输 consolidate knslideit v. 合并 parameter prmit n. 参数、参量,cargo ka:gu n. 货物 unconstrained nknstreind adj. 不受约束的，非强迫的 convoy knvi n.
