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1、实用计算机英语,Practical Computer English,中国铁道出版社 余明艳 主编,Chapter 1 Fundamental Computer Knowledge,Objectives： Understand Fundamental knowledge of computer system The basic input device and output device The standard of good program Grasp Organization of computer hardware Types of computer software Key word
2、s Common vocabulary Exercise,Vocabulary,A Computer System,III Fill in the table below by suitable words. 1A computer system includes both and . 2The basic organization of a computer hardware system contains , , and . 3Software system may be divided into two basic types: and . 4The keyboard is an ess
3、ential device of the microcomputer.,1.2 Computer Hardware,Keyboard and Mouse,The keyboard is an essential hardware,device of the microcomputer ,input,It is a bridge between,and,a user,a computer.,Through the keyboard you can,“talk”,to a computer.,That is, it allows you to input,to the computer.,info
4、rmation, instructions, or data,Computer keyboards usually have a number of,function keys.,Another popular input device is,mouse.,The mouse is one of the,in computer ergonomics because.,great breakthroughs,There are three basic types of mice :,Mechanical,Optomechanical,Optical.,and,Cordless mice aren
5、t physically connected at all.,Instead they rely on,to communicate with the computer.,infrared or radio waves,Structured programming,sequence structure,if (double branch) structure,case (multi branch) structure,iteration structure,A program is a specific set of,written by one or,the action of comput
6、er system.,instructions,more people, which,The outcome of that research has rise to a discipline known as,structured programming,directors,which applies to many language, be it BASIC,Pascal ,C , and so on.,A structured program is one which uses only,building blocks to solve a problem . These are,typ
7、es of elementary,sequence, selection, and iteration .,three,In figure 1-3 to figure 1-6, each building block (or structure) is drawn as,representation of programming logic.,a flowchart, or pictorial,use special,Flowcharts,to communicate information.,symbols,indicates a processing statement,indicates
8、,a decision, and,A rectangle,a diamond,All of the elementary building blocks have one key feature in common, namely,a single,and a single,entry point,exit point.,implies that program statements are executed,The sequence structure,sequentially.,a small cycle,connects portions of the flowchart.,typica
9、l includes both the if structure,and the case structure. The if structure (double branch) structure of,The selection structure,Figure 1-3 shows a conditional statement , which provides,a choice between,If the condition is,block A is executed; If it is,block B is executed. The case (or multi branch)
10、structure in Figure 1-4 is an,extension of selection,only one of which can be,as it presents a choice between more thantwo statements,true.,two actions.,true,false,The iteration(or looping)structure,in Figure 1-5 calls for,the repeated execution of,one or more statements.,What Is a Good Program?,5Be
11、fore we produce a program, we should consider（ ）. AHow easy will it be to design the program? BHow easy will it be to produce and test the program? CHow significant would a program failure be? DHow will errors be corrected or to modifications made to the program during its lifetime? EAll of the abov
12、e.,The Questions on Getting Stated to Use Turbo C 2.0,Monitor and Printer,Chapter 2 Operating System,Understand Fundamental knowledge of computer operating system The features of DOS The features of windows operating system The features of Linux Grasp The core task of operating system Types of opera
13、ting system Key words Common vocabulary Exercise,Operating System,System, which controls and manages the hardware resources and software,Operating system,is the core control software of the computer,resources of the computer.,To summarize, functions normally associated with operating system are:,con
14、trols processes and applications access of CPU,Processor management:,so that each has its fair share.,Memory management:,controls the different types of memories to allot space,to applications.,controls the devices, mainly through the drivers.,Device management:,Application interface.,User interface
15、.,Operating systems come in three forms:,1Single user, single task.,Only one user can use it and with only one application at a time.,One user could be doing several things at the same time.,2Single user, multi-task.,3Multi-user, multi-task.,These are normally networking Operating Systems working on
16、 servers,Operating systems provide a software platform on top of which,other programs,called application programs,can run.,Disk Operating System (DOS),The operating system,is a collection of program modules,that controls and manages the systems hardware as well as software resources,thus enabling you to run,application programs.,because much of its work involves in,DOS,is an acronym for disk operating system, it is given this name,man
