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1、Chapter 2 Computer components and principals,教学目标： 掌握基本的语法结构，熟练掌握计算机系统的组成涉及的主要英文词汇及其缩写形式，能够阅读并理解涉及计算机系统的简单英文文章。 重点：掌握本课中的重点词汇及计算机术语 难点：掌握课文中重点句子并能翻译成汉语 教学方法：讲授法 讨论法 练习法,Chapter 2 Computer components and principals,2.1 The basic structure of computers Keywords,entity 实体 interact 相互作用 external 外部的 env
2、ironment 环境 linkage 联接 communication 通信，通讯 be classified as 被分类 perform 执行 完成 操作 peripheral 外设 function 功能，函数 system interconnection 系统互连,referred to as 称为 cycle 周期，循环 locate 位于 terminology 术语 main memory 主存储器 I/O输入输出设备 mainframe 主机 optical disk 光盘 hard disk 硬盘 mechanism 机制 traditionally 传统地,2.1 The
3、 basic structure of computers,Chapter 2 Computer components and principals,Chapter 2 Computer components and principals,2.2 Computer processors Keywords,arithmetic 算术 logic 逻辑 register 寄存器 be composed of 由 组成 nervous 中枢神经 addition 加法 subtraction 减法 multiplication 乘法 acronym 只取首字母缩写 possess 拥有 manufa
4、cturer 厂商 walkthrough 跟踪,machine instruction 机器指令 machine language 机器语言 megahertz 兆赫兹 program counter 程序计数器 IC（integrated circuit）集成电路 accumulator 累加器 execution 执行,Chapter 2 Computer components and principals,2.3 Main memory and auxiliary memory 一、Keywords,auxiliary memory 辅助存储器 permanently 永久的 esse
5、ntial 必需的 volatile 不稳定的 note-pad 记事本 significance 意义 价值 cabinet 文件柜 magnetic 磁性的 byte 字节,read-only memory 只读存储器 random-access memory随机存储器 bit 位 lower-capacity 低容量 floppy disk 软盘 laser 激光束 erasable optical disk 可擦写光盘 non-volatile memory 永久存储器 optical disk 光盘,Chapter 2 Computer components and principa
6、ls,2.3 Main memory and auxiliary memory 二、Text,1. Read-Only Memory (ROM) The ROM contains information the computer permanently needs to have, for example, the basic instructions essential for the computer. This information is entered at the time of manufacture and cannot be changed by the user. When
7、 the computer is turned off, this information is not lost; this form of storage is therefore referred to non-volatile memory. Normally, the information only takes up a small amount of the total memory of the computer. 2. Random-Access Memory (RAM) The RAM contains information being worked on at the
8、present time. In our example above, the three numbers to be added would be contained in RAM while the calculation is being performed. Once the calculation has been completed new data can be entered into RAM. It is like a note-pad: the user can read the information from this memory and can change its
9、 contents. When the computer is switched off, however, this memory is completely cleared. This form of storage is known therefore as volatile memory. Before you turn off computer, always make sure to save your data if you want it for another day.,Chapter 2 Computer components and principals,2.3 Main
10、 memory and auxiliary memory 二、Text,Auxiliary memory Auxiliary storage devices can be used as both input and output devices. When they are used to receive data that has bee processed by the computer, they ate functioning as output devices. When some of their stored data is transferred to the compute
11、r for processing, they are functioning as input devices. For example: Magnetic tape devices、Magnetic disks、Floppy disks、Hard disks、Optic disks.,Chapter 2 Computer components and principals,2.4 Computer system input/output 一、Keywords,mouse 鼠标 intermediate 媒介 eventually 最后 major 重要 symbol符号 graphic 图形
12、 animation 动画 machine-readable data 机读数据 specialty 专用 ability 能力 resolution 分辨率,liquid-crystal display screen 液晶显示屏 touch screen 触摸屏 electronic pen 电子笔 bar-code reader 条码阅读器 portability 要携带的 clarity 清晰度 cursor 光标 pixel 像素 category 目录，分类,Chapter 2 Computer components and principals,2.4 Computer syste
13、m input/output 二、Text,The four major types of computer output are: Text, consisting of words, numbers, and other symbols in the form of a language. Images in the form of graphics, animation, or video. Sound that consists of music or voice. Machinereadable data, which are symbols in a form that other
14、 computer systems or machines can use.,Input refers to the process of entering programs, commands, user responses, and data into main memory. Input can also refer to the media (e.g., disks, tapes, documents) that contain these input types. Commonly used input device: mouse, touch technology, electro
15、nic pen, bar-code reader, voice input and so on.,Chapter 2 Computer components and principals,2.4 Computer system input/output 三、巩固练习,1.The most common hardcopy devices are printers; there are some common characteristics that should be examined when matching a printer to an application. They include
16、: The ability to print images as well as text. The quality or resolution of the printed image. The speed of the printer. Whether the printer requires special paper. Whether the printer can print in color. 2.There are a wide variety of display technologies; there are some common characteristics that should be examined when matching a display to an application. They include: The ability to display images as well as text. Resolution or quality of the image. The ability to display color. Portabil
