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1、计算机网络工程教程基于cisco路由器和交换机,作者：陆魁军,责任编辑：邹小宁 出版日期：2008年9月 IDPN：308-2008-017 课件章数：07,2,第5章 在思科路由器上配置静态路由和RIP,5.1 配置静态路由 5.1.1 操作内容和环境 操作内容：配置三台路由器到达非直连网段的静态路由，使得不在同一局域网的三台PC机能够互相连通。 组网环境： PC机3台，Microsoft Windows 2000/XP/2003 Cisco路由器3台，RTA(CISCO2621XM)；RTB(CISCO3725)； RTC(CISCO7204)；IOS版本均为12.3（12a）； Cisc
2、o交换机3台，分别为LAN1、LAN2、LAN3，型号均为 Catalyst3550-24； DTE-DCE交叉电缆（V35电缆）2对，console配置电缆3根，直通以太网线6根，,3,网络拓扑图,4,5.1.2 背景知识 生成路由表项通常有两种方法 （1）手工静态设置 （2）动态路由协议生成 动态路由协议主要包括： RIP协议（Routing Information Protocol，路由信息协议） OSPF（Open Shortest Path First，开放式最短路径优先）协议 BGP（Border Gateway Protocol）协议 IS-IS（Intermediate Sys
3、tem to Intermediate System）协议 静态路由选择有许多优点 不需要动态路由选择协议参与，这减少了路由器的日常开销 手工配置，可以精确的控制路由选择，改进网络的性能 在小型网络上很容易实现,5,路由配置命令： 添加静态路由表项 Router(config)#ip route x1.x2.x3.x4 y1.y2.y3.y4 z1.z2.z3.z4 删除静态路由表项 Router(config)#no ip route x1.x2.x3.x4 y1.y2.y3.y4 z1.z2.z3.z4 查看路由表信息 Router# show ip route,6,5.1.3 操作步骤
4、1. 配置路由器RTA相关接口 步骤1：配置路由器名称 Routerenable Router# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)# hostname RTA RTA(config)# 步骤2：配置快速以太口FastEthernet0/0口 RTA(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0 RTA(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 RTA(config
5、-if)#no shutdown RTA(config-if)#,7,*Mar 1 18:56:52.979:%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 18:56:54.283: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet 0/0, changed state to up 步骤3：配置串行接口Serial0/0口 RTA(config)#interface serial 0/0 RTA(config-if)#encaps
6、ulation hdlc RTA(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 RTA(config-if)#no shutdown RTA(config-if)# *Mar 1 19:07:09.447: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down,8,2. 配置路由器RTB相关接口 步骤1：配置路由器名称 Routerenable Router# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line
7、. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)# hostname RTB RTB(config)# 步骤2：配置快速以太口FastEthernet0/0口 RTB(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0 RTB(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0 RTB(config-if)# no shutdown RTB(config-if)# *Mar 1 04:52:39.662: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed stat
8、e to up,9,*Mar 1 04:52:40.662: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet 0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 04:52:41.866: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up 步骤3：配置串行接口Serial1/0口 RTB(config)#interface serial 1/0 RTB(config-if)#encapsulation hdlc RTB(config-
9、if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 RTB(config-if)#clock rate 2016000 RTB(config-if)#no shutdown RTB(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:08:45.499: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:08:46.499: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up 步骤4：
10、配置串行接口Serial1/1,10,RTB(config-if)#encapsulation PPP RTB(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 RTB(config-if)#clock rate 2016000 RTB(config-if)#no shutdown RTB(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:27:02.187: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1/1, changed state to down,11,3. 配置路由器RTC相关接口 步骤1：配置路由器名称 Routeren
11、able Router# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)# hostname RTC RTC(config)# 步骤2：配置快速以太口FastEthernet0/0口 RTC(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0 RTC(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0 RTC(config-if)#no shutdown RTC(config-if)# *Ja
12、n 30 06:17:40.278: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up *Jan 30 06:17:41.434: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet 0/0, changed state to up,12,步骤3：配置串行接口Serial1/0 RTC(config-if)# interface serial 1/0 RTC(config-if)#encapsulation ppp RTC(config-if)#ip
13、 address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0 RTC(config-if)#no shutdown RTC(config-if)# *Jan 30 01:51:31.067: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up *Jan 30 01:51:34.079: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up,13,4. 查看路由信息表 查看RTA路由信息表 RTA#show ip route
14、 Codes: C-connected, S-static, R-RIP, M-mobile, B-BGP D-EIGRP, EX-EIGRP external, O-OSPF, IA-OSPF inter area N1-OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2-OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1-OSPF external type 1, E2-OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS in
15、ter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0,14,(2) 查看RTB路由信息表 RTB#show ip route (省略，同上面RTA的显示信息) Ga
16、teway of last resort is not set C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0 192.168.3.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 192.168.3.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/1 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1 查看RTC路由信息表 RTC# show ip route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 192.168.3.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C
