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1、 版权所有英语教育网Unit 3 The land down underReading1. portrait n. c (人的)画像，肖像；（对某物的）描绘，描述在二十世纪五、六十年代，许多中国人家里墙上都有毛主席画像。During the 1950s and the 1960s, many Chinese had a portrait of Chairman Mao on the wall at home.The articles portrait of Owens career was very interesting.这篇文章对欧文职业生涯的描述非常有趣。辨析 portrait/pic
2、ture/drawing/painting/sketch/cartoon/illustrationportrait 指肖像，只用于人；picture 指广义的“图画”，现多用来指相片，画像；drawing 指用线条或色彩绘成的图画；painting 指着色的画；sketch 通常指只画出物体主要特征的图画；cartoon 指幽默或讽刺性漫画；illustration 指插入书页之间帮助说明的任何插图或图解。2. strait n. (1) 海峡台湾海峡the Taiwan Straits直布罗陀海峡尚未丧失其战略上的重要地位。The Straits of Gibraltar have not
3、lost their strategic importance. 注意： 以-s结尾的群岛、海峡、山脉等，谓语动词通常用复数。又如：The West Indies are a large group of islands lying between North America and South America.西印度群岛是介于北美和南美之间的一大群岛屿。喜马拉雅山脉延伸在中国和印度边境上。The Himalayas extend along the border of India and China. (2) 常用复窘迫, 穷困, 艰难fall into hopeless straits陷入
4、绝境in (great) straits处境(非常)困难自从她丈夫去世, 她(在经济方面)一直处于困境。She has been in great straits (financially) since her husband died.3. fellowadj. 同伴的； 同类的； 同事的fellow workers/soldiers/students/travellers同事/战友/同学/旅伴他愉快地回忆起他的旅伴。He recalled his fellow travellers with pleasure.n. 伙伴；同辈；同伙；家伙 Poor fellow! 可怜的家伙！他们是我的同
5、学。They are my fellows at school / school fellows.那种家伙我不屑一顾。Such a fellow as that is beneath my notice.4. claim vt. （根据权利）要求，认领，索赔; 自称；主张每一公民均可要求法律的保护。Every citizen may claim the protection of the law.她自称与女王有亲戚关系。She claims that she is related to the Queen./ She claims to be related to the Queen.如果没人
6、认领这把丢失的雨伞，拾到者自己可以留着。If no one claims the lost umbrella, the person who found it can keep it.据说我们学校有些老师每周工作90小时。It is claimed that some teachers in our school are working 90 hours a week. n. （根据权利而提出的）要求；索赔；主张他们提出更高报酬的要求。They made a claim for higher pay. 政府宣称那家化工厂的废水毒死了鱼，这个说法是正确的。The governments clai
7、m that the chemical factory/plant waste had killed the fish was correct.5. criminal n.c 犯人，罪犯adj. 犯罪的，刑事上的罪犯在企图逃离这座城市时被捕获。The criminal was captured when attempting to escape from the city.罪犯不但应该受到惩罚，而且应该接受再教育。Criminals should be re-educated as well as punished.犯罪未遂criminal attempt刑事案件criminal cases刑
8、法criminal law6. governvt.& vi. 统治（国家等）；控制；治理能够管理好女人的男人能够管理好一个国家。A man, who can govern a woman, can govern a nation.你应当抑制你的脾气。You should govern your temper.运气经常操纵比赛的结果。Chance usually governs the outcome of the game.辨析govern/rule/control/managegovern 侧重指运用任何控制的权力来统治或管理一个国家、一个社会或一个部门，暗含能力和知识的运用。rule 强调
9、用绝对或独裁的权力来管理或统治。control 含义广泛的常用词，指对人或物施以约束或控制的力量。manage 强调对具体事务机构进行管理，有时含受权管理或处理之意。拓展 governor n. 省长；州长；（尤指海外殖民地的）总督governess n. 女家庭教师 government n. 政府他竞选州长时我们投了他的票。We voted for him whenhe ran for governor.7. as a consequence (of) 作为（的）结果；因此 = in consequence (of) / as a result (of)职员得罪(offend)了人事部经理
10、，因而丢了工作。The employee offended personnel manager and lost his job as a consequence/in consequence.上周六几个男生被发现进了网吧，因此，遭到了老师的训斥。Last Saturday some boys were found in a net bar; as a consequence/inconsequence, they got pulled up by the teacher.他由于粗心，在国外旅游时把行李丢了。As a consequence of/In consequence of his c
11、arelessness, he lost his luggage when traveling abroad.8. resemble vt. 像；类似 (不用于被动，不用于进行时)她不漂亮；她不像她的母亲。She was not beautiful; she did not resemble her mother.这两姐妹在外表上彼此非常相像。The two sisters closely/strongly resemble each other in appearance.9. diverse adj. 多种多样的；不同的diversity n. 差异, 多样性diversify v. 使多
12、样化, 使不同美国就像个大熔炉，世界各地的人带来了他们自己的文化，形成了一个多样性社会。The United States is like a melting pot, with people from all over the world bringing their own culture and forming a diverse society.约翰和他兄弟的兴趣迥然不同。John and his brother have diverse interests.10. transform vt. 改变；转变；改造形势已经大大好转。The situation has been greatl
13、y transformed.在过去的十年里，这家公司已由一个家庭企业变成了一家大的跨国公司。In the past decade, this company has been transformed from a family business into a large multi-national company.那是能够彻底改变我一生的一件事。It was an event that would transform my life.11. strengthen vt. 加强；巩固 vi. 变强strengthen ones country / ones ability / unity /
14、nationaldefence 使国家强大/加强能力 / 加强团结 / 巩固国防12. differvi.不同，相异； 意见不同 difference n.differ from 不同于；和.意见不一致differ in 在.方面不同 differ with sb. 与某人意见不同我们的嗜好不同。Our tastes differ from each other. / We differ in our tastes.我们在那个问题上与他意见不同。We differ with/from him on that question.汉语发音跟日语大不相同。Chinese differs greatl
15、y from Japanese in pronunciation.那是我们有分歧的地方。 Thats where we differ.Language study13. break out (指激烈事件)突然发生昨晚那栋大楼突然发生了火灾。Fire broke out in the building last night. 她在梦中大声叫骂起来。She broke out in/into curses in her dream. 14. chew vt./vi. 嚼碎；咀嚼；回味；深思chewing gum 口香糖chew over 深思, 仔细考虑Chew your food well before you swallow it. 食物在吞咽前要仔细咀嚼。他对这个问题详细考虑了好多天才做出决定。He chewed over the problem for several days b
