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1、Specialized English for Electrical Engineering and Automation,Chapter 3 Computer and PLC,3.1 Computer and Microprocessor 3.2 Programmable Logic Controller Computer Network- Network Hardware Reading and Translation Skills 词义的选择和引申,Content,Words and Expressions 1,a fast and accurate manipulating syste
2、m that is organized to accept ,store, and process data and produce output results under the direction of a stored program of instructions. an electronic machine that can store, organize and find information, do calculations and control other machines,computer,Words and Expressions 2,microcomputer a
3、small computer that contains a microprocessor,minicomputer a computer that is smaller and slower than a mainframe but larger and faster than a microcomputer,mainframe computer a large powerful computer, usually the centre of a network and shared by many users,supercomputer a powerful computer with a
4、 large amount of memory and a very fast central processing unit,微型计算机,小型计算机,大型计算机,超级计算机,Words and Expressions 3,digital computer 数字计算机 analog computer 模拟计算机 hybrid computer 混合计算机 special-purpose computer 专用计算机 general-purpose computer 通用计算机,Words and Expressions 4,central processing unit the part of
5、 a computer that controls all the other parts of the system arithmetic logic section 算术逻辑部件 primary storage 主存储器 control unit 控制部件,中央处理器,Words and Expressions 5,peripheral devices Input devices 输入设备 An input device is a piece of computer equipment such as a keyboard which enables you to put informat
6、ion into a computer mouse/input pen /touch screen/microphone Output devices 输出设备 Display screen/printer/ Magnetic tape drive secondary storage (memory) 辅助存储器 primary storage (memory) 主存储器,外 设,Words and Expressions 6,It is the system software that determines the limits to which the computer can be ta
7、ken. System software is the base level software needed to run any application. Operating system is one of the major types of system software.,system software,系统软件,application software,Application software is software designed to specifically perform a particular user function or application.,应用软件,Wo
8、rds and Expressions 7,A utility program allows user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its device, or its programs. backup utility 备份工具 data recovery utility 数据恢复工具 virus protection utility 病毒防护工具 data compression utility 数据压缩实用程序,utility programs,实用程序、工具,Words
9、 and Expressions 8,A microprocessor, as the term has come to be known, is a general-purpose digital computer central processing unit (CPU).,microprocessor,微处理器,Words and Expressions 9,A true computer on a chip,microcontroller,微控制器,Words and Expressions 10,architecture 建筑, 建筑学;(计)体系机构 the art and stu
10、dy of designing buildings; the design and structure of a computer system,interface 界面、中介 sophisticated 老练的, 复杂的,久经世故的 nonvolatile 非易失性的，不挥发的 magnetic disk 磁盘 priority 优先级,Words and Expressions 11,Complementary Metal Oxide Silicon 互补式金属氧化物硅,be referred to as 称之为 by oneself 独自地，单独地，依靠自己 计算机是一种装置，可以接收数
11、据和指令，执行处理数据的指令并输出相应的结果。计算机自身没有智能，称之为硬件，硬件仅指物理设备。,Sentences 1,1. A computer is a device capable of receiving both data and instructions, executing the instructions on the data and giving the output accordingly. By itself, a computer has no intelligence and is referred to as hardware, which means simp
12、ly the physical equipment,偶尔，输入设备、输出设备和辅助存储器被称为外设。说明它们和计算机处理器一起运行，并由计算机控制。,Sentences 2,2. Occasionally, input, output, and secondary storage devices are called peripheral devices to reflect the fact that they are added onto the computer processor and controlled by the computer.,从计算机的运作方式看，它们就像接口，把我们
13、日常使用的符号转化成CPU能处理的二进制形式：它们也能轻松地将二进制转化成我们能读懂的输出形式。输入设备可以象键盘一样简单，也可以象如识别语音或图像的专门应用设备那样复杂。,Sentences 3,3. In computing parlance, they act as an interface, translating the familiar symbols which we can read into the binary patterns that can be handled electronically within the CPU: they then translate th
14、e patterns back again for easily readable output An input device can be as simple as the keyboard or as sophisticated as those used for specialized application such as voice or retinal recognition devices.,Sentences 4,4. The function of secondary storage hardware is to store software and data in a f
15、orm that is relatively permanent, or nonvolatile that is, the data is not lost when the power is turned off and easy to retrieve when needed for processing.,辅助存储器用来存储软件和数据，存储的数据相对来说是固定不变的，也就是说当关闭电源时，数据不会丢失，而且数据需要处理时易于提取。,Sentences 5,5. In any computer, system software availability is a major factor
16、in deciding the complexity of the application software that can be built for it, as it is the system software that determines the limits to which the computer can be taken.,对于任何的计算机，因为系统软件决定了计算机的功能范围，所以系统软件的性能是决定基于它建立的应用软件复杂度的主要因素（应用软件是否复杂主要取决于系统软件的性能）。,Sentences 6,6. The analog computers do not directly interact with numbers, but rather deal with variables measured along a continuous scale, like the temperature o
