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1、 硕士学位论文硕士学位论文 压缩机用永磁电机效率和噪声的研究 RESEARCH ON EFFICIENCY AND NOISE OF PERMANENT MAGNET MOTOR USED IN COMPRESSOR 杨国庆杨国庆 哈尔滨工业大学哈尔滨工业大学 2015 年年 6 月月 国内图书分类号：TM351 学校代码：10213 国际图书分类号：621.3 密级：公开 工程硕士学位论文工程硕士学位论文 压缩机用永磁电机效率和噪声的研究 硕 士 研 究 生 ： 杨国庆 导 师 ： 宋立伟 申 请学位 ： 工程硕士 学科 ： 电气工程及其自动化 所 在 单 位 ： 电气工程及自动化学院 答
2、辩 日 期 ： 2015 年 6 月 授予学位单位 ： 哈尔滨工业大学 Classified Index:TM351 U.D.C: 621.3 Dissertation for the Master Degree in Engineering RESEARCH ON EFFICIENCY AND NOISE OF PERMANENT MAGNET MOTOR USED IN COMPRESSOR Candidate： Yang Guoqing Supervisor： Song Liwei Academic Degree Applied for： Master of Engineering Sp
3、eciality： Electrical Engineering Affiliation： School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Date of Defence： June,2015 Degree-Conferring-Institution： Harbin Institute of Technology 哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文 - I - 摘 要 作为空调压缩机的核心动力部件，永磁电机的效率与噪声问题直接影响压 缩机的整机性能。永磁电机的效率和噪声问题相互约束甚至矛盾，分析永磁电 机的效率和噪声问题具有实际意义。本文将结合压缩
4、机电机的应用背景，围绕 永磁电机的效率和噪声问题进行研究与分析。 首先，对电机铁心损耗的计算方法及影响因素进行研究分析。为较准确的 计算铁心损耗，在考虑旋转磁化和谐波磁场情况下，本文在正交分解铁耗模型 的基础上，修正其损耗系数，考虑磁密幅值对铁心损耗系数的影响，给出变系 数正交分解铁耗模型，并和有限元计算结果相比较，模型准确性由空载铁耗实 验进行验证。空载铁心损耗分离时，机械损耗由无磁转子测试获得。基于此铁 耗模型分析了电机主磁场对铁心损耗的影响。本文在考虑实际工业化生产的前 提下，提出转子外圆由多段不等半径圆弧拼接的优化措施，能够有效改善电机 气隙磁场波形，在电机转矩系数不变时，减小电机铁心
5、损耗，提高电机效率。 其次，径向电磁力是引起电机振动与噪声的主要原因，本文从气隙磁场入 手，利用解析的方式推导了永磁电机的径向电磁力，并通过有限元进行验证。 为方便分析和突出主要阶次电磁力波，本文忽略高次磁动势和齿谐波磁导产生 的高次谐波磁场， 分别分析了空载和负载时 PMSM的主要阶次力波及频率特性。 然后， 在压缩机的应用背景下， 研究永磁同步电机定子铁心各阶模态问题。 在保证相同冷媒流通面积的前提下，比较分析定子轭部切边形状对电机固有频 率的影响。本文提出定子切边和回油槽结合的定子轭部设计，能够在相同冷媒 流通面积下，具有最高的定子刚度，一定程度上能够降低噪声。通过动力学分 析，利用电磁
6、与结构弱耦合的方式计算电磁振动，引入声辐射模型计算电磁噪 声。比较分析气隙磁场波形对电机噪声的影响，表明本文提出的转子外圆优化 措施能够降低电机噪声。 最后，电磁负荷配比直接决定电机铜耗和铁耗分布，从而决定电机效率， 而磁负荷又直接影响径向电磁力，进而影响电磁噪声，因此电机效率和噪声性 能相互约束。本文研究电磁负荷配比、齿轭比例以及定子槽型对损耗分布以及 电机噪声的影响，均衡电机在两个负载状态下的效率和噪声性能，确定最佳电 磁负荷配比以及齿轭尺寸。完善电机结构参数，进行样机设计和加工，完成电 机的空载和负载实验，实验结果和仿真计算基本吻合。 关键词：压缩机；永磁电机；损耗；电磁力；模态；噪声
7、哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文 - II - Abstract As the core power part of air conditioning compressor, the efficiency and noise paoblems of permanet magnet motor directiy affect the overall performance of compressor. Efficiency and noise of permanent magnet motor tend to be relate to each other, even contradictory.
8、 Analysis of the efficiency and noise performance of permanent magnet motor will have practical significance. In combination with the application background of the compressor motor, this ariticle will research and analysis revolved around efficiency and noise of permanent magnet motor problems. Firs
9、tly, the paper discusses the calculation method of core loss and influence factor. To accurately calculate the core loss, considering the rotation of magnetization and harmonic magnetic field, in this paper, based on the orthogonal decomposition of iron loss model, we amend the loss coefficient by c
10、onsidering the influence of flux density amplitude on the core loss coefficient. Variable coefficient orthogonal iron loss model is given out and the model accuracy is verified from the no-load iron loss test, which mechanical loss obtained by no magnetic rotor. Based on the iron loss model, we rese
11、ach the influnence of the main air gap magnetic field for core loss. In this paper, on the premise of considering actual industrial production, an optimization measure of rotor is put forward, which the rotor is composed of three different radius of circular arc. As the coefficient of motor torque c
12、onstant, this form can adjust motor air gap magnetic field waveform and decrease the motor iron core loss and improve the efficiency of the motor. Secondly, The radial electromagnetic force is the main cause of motor vibration and noise, from the air gap magnetic field the radial electromagnetic for
13、ce of permanent magnet motor is deduced and verified by finite element method. For the convenience of analysis and highlight the main problem, we ignore the high harmonic magnetic field genrated by high harmonic magnetmotive and the tooth harmonic permeance. The primary order force and frequency cha
14、racteristic of load and no-load are analyzed respectively. Thirdly, under the background of the compressor application, the paper studies the stator modal of permanent magnet synchronous motor. On the premise of the same refrigerant flow area, the influnence of stator yoke cut shape for core modal f
15、requency is compared. This paper design the stator yoke combined cut with groove, which have the highest of the stator stiffness, to some extent, it can reduce the noise. Through the dynamics analysis, the electromagnetic vibration can be calculated and the electromagnetic noise can be calculated by
16、 the acoustic radiation model. The 哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文 - III - influence of air gap magnetic field waveform of motor noise is compared, the result show that the proposed optimization measure of rotor can reduce the motor noise. Finally, electromagnetic load ratio directly decided the motor copper loss and iron loss distribution, which determine the motor efficiency. And the magnetic load directly effect on the radial electromagnetic force, whic
