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1、Introduction： There are all kinds of risks in international trade. Insurance is necessary as it transfers them to the insurance company. insured: 被保险人 insurer/underwriter：保险人，保险业者，保险商 premium：保险费 Insurance in international trade mainly refers to marine / maritime (cargo) insurance as the majority of
2、 international goods are delivered by sea. perils of sea: 海上风险 average: 损失，特指海损,Total Loss： 全损 Partial Loss： 部分损失 General Average：共同海损 Particular Average：单独海损 Actual Total Loss 实际全损 Constructive Total Loss 推定全损 in proportion to：与成正比，与相称 The contract of insurance is made in the form of an insurance p
3、olicy or insurance certificate. coverage: 险别 amount insured: 投保的金额,Insurance Clause in the Sales Contract The insurance clause in the sales contract covers several aspects: the party who is to arrange the insurance, risks to be covered, the amount to be insured and so on. Risks to be covered the Ins
4、titute of London Underwriters: 英国伦敦保险业者协会 The Institute Cargo Clauses (ICC): 协会货物条款 China Insurance Clause (CIC): 中国保险条款 Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses: 海洋货物运输保险条款,There are three principle perils under Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses: FPA (Free from Particular Average) 平安险; WA or WPA (With Average or With P
5、articular Average) 水渍险; A/R (All Risks) 一切险. There are two additional risks: General Additional Risks 一般附加险 and Special Additional Risks 特别附加险 Free from Particular Average Literally it means that Particular Average is excluded from indemnity.单独海损不赔 natural calamities自然灾害 With Particular Average heav
6、y weather 恶劣气候 tsunami 海啸,General Additional Risks 1.Theft, Pilferage and Non-delivery (TPND) 偷窃、提货不着险 2.Freshwater and Rain Damage 淡水雨淋险 3.Risk of Shortage 短量险 4.Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混杂、玷污险 5.Risk of Leakage 渗漏险 6.Risk of Clashing and Breakage 碰损破碎险 7.Risk of Odour 串味险 8.Damage Ca
7、used by Sweating and Heating 受潮、受热险 9.Hook damage 钩损险 10.Loss and / or Damage Caused by Breakage of Packing 包装破裂险 11.Risk of Rusting 锈损险,Special Additional Risks There are 8 special additional risks. 1.Failure to Deliver Risk 交货不到险 2.Import Duty Risk 进口关税险 3.On Deck Risk 舱面险 4.Rejection Risk 拒收险 5.A
8、flatoxin Risk 黄曲霉素险 6.War Risk 战争险 7.Strike Risk 罢工险 8.Fire Risk Extension Clause for Storage of Cargo at Destination Hong Kong, Including Kowloon, or Macao 出口货物到香港（包括九龙在内）或澳门存仓火险责任扩展条款,Examples of insurance clauses in the sales contract Insurance: To be covered by the Seller against . (risk) accord
9、ing to Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of the Peoples Insurance Company of China dated January 1, 1981. For transactions concluded on CIF bases, the insurance coverage will be for 110% of the invoice value against the risks specified in the sales confirmation. If additional coverage is required by the Bu
10、yer, the Buyer must have the consent of the Seller before shipment, and the additional premium is to be borne by the Buyer.,Issues of making an insurance claim If the goods arrive in damaged condition, *written protest书面抗议 *make notations 批注，记录 short-landed memo 货差证明，短缺证明书 *retain保留 seals封箱条 tallyma
11、n 理货员，点货员 tally sheet理货单 tally company 理货公司 *claim settling agent 理赔代理人,Specimen Letter ：Urging Shipment Dear Sirs Thank you for your letter of June 28, in which you inquired about the insurance of your Order No. 447. Generally speaking, if goods are sold on CIF basis, as it is in your case, we insu
12、re goods against All Risks for 110% of the invoice value.,Should the buyer require broader coverage, the extra premium is for buyers account. We would like to inform you that there are three principle perils under the Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of the Peoples Insurance Company of China dated January
13、 1, 1981: FPA (Free from Particular Average), WA or WPA (With Average or With Particular Average), and A/R (All Risks). A/R is the broadest form of coverage, which covers all risks of loss of or damage to the insured goods whether partial or total, arising from external causes in transit.,The insura
14、nce terminates when the goods reach the consignees warehouse at the destination named in the policy. It is limited, however, to sixty days after completion of discharge of the insured goods from the seagoing vessel at the final port of discharge before they reach the above-mentioned warehouse or pla
15、ce of storage. PICC enjoys high reputation in settling claims promptly and equitably. It has agents in almost all major cities and ports all over the world to handle claims.,It will be very convenient to file claims against the loss of or damage to the goods with the insurance agent at your end. In
16、case of the claim, the insured is required to submit the following documents: *Original Policy or Certificate of Insurance *Original or copy of B/L *Packing List and Invoice,*Certificate of Loss / Damage, or Short-landed Memo, and Survey Report *Statement of Claims Please feel free to contact us again if you have any further questions or you may contact the agent of PICC at your end at (phone number, followed by the address). Yours faithfully,Explanation： A. Generally speaking, if
