英语专业四级考试语法复习资料大全

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1、一、考纲要求及语法知识常考点(一) 动词的基本时态、语态的构成及其用法2. 动词的语态 1) 不能用于被动语态的动词和短语 (1)在英语中,不及物动词不能用于被动语态,但有些不及物动词(包括短语)容易引起误用。如:appear, belong to, die, escape, fall, happen, last, succeed, occur, take place, consist of。 Our success belongs to all the people present. 我们的成功属于在座的每一个人。(2)某些表示状态或特征的及物动词,如:become, contain, co

2、st, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态。 2) 少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思 (专业四级英语重要考点)例1:The book is selling remarkably well.这本书卖得很好 例2:The song sounds very beautiful. 这首歌听起来很优美。 能这样用的动词还有read(读起来),clean(擦起来),wash(洗起来),write(写起来)。 例3:My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned). 能像need这样用的动词还有:want, r

3、equire, deserve等。 例4:The meat is cooking. 例5:The shop doesnt open(营业)on Sunday. 试比较:The door was opened by Tom. 3) 注意几个基本句型(专业四级英语重要考点)It is said (据说).,It is reported (据报道), It is widely believed(人们广泛认为); It is expected (据期望,应该) It is estimated. ( 据估计), It was said, It was believed It was thought (

4、以前人们认为)。It is said that Sydney is beautiful。据说悉尼很漂亮。It is estimated that nearly 20 persons were killed in this accident. 据估计有20人在此次事故中丧生。 (三)非谓语动词1. 关于动词不定式的考点如下: 考点一:直接接动词不定式做宾语的动词。这一类动词往往表示请求、要求、选择、决定、打算、企图等。如: attempt企图,afford负担得起(重点词),demand要求,long渴望,destine注定,mean意欲,打算,expect期望,appear似乎,显得,dete

5、rmine决定,manage设法,pretend假装,agree同意,desire愿望,swear宣誓,volunteer志愿,wish希望,endeavor努力,offer提供,beg请求,fail不能,plan计划,prefer喜欢,宁愿,happen碰巧,prepare准备,decide决定,learn学习,regret抱歉,遗憾,hesitate犹豫,claim要求,promise承诺,允许,undertake承担,consent同意,赞同,intend想要,refuse拒绝,incline有倾向,propose提议I hope to visit this place again. 我

6、希望能再度访问此地。I hesitate to spend so much money on the clothes. 我对要花那么多钱买衣服犹豫不决。My parents have consented to buy me a new electronic dictionary. 我父母同意给我买个新的电子词典了。* 注意不定式的完成与进行时态及被动用法:He pretended to be waiting for someone. 他假装着正等人。She was said to have been rich. 据说她曾经富有过。The building was reported to hav

7、e been constructed. 据报道这座大楼已经建造好了。考点二:在以下情况下常使用不带(或省略)to的动词不定式: 1) 感官动词后面:feel, listen, hear , see, watch, observeI saw a man enter the shop. 试比较:I saw him singing when I passed by.2) 个别表示使役意义的动词,如:have, let, makeThe teacher has/makes/lets us write a composition every week.上述感觉动词或使役动词转换为被动结构时其后的不定式一

8、般需带to,如: The boy was made to go to bed early.3) 一些情态动词:had better, would rather do A than do B(宁可而不愿), may as well(最好),can not(help)but(不得不)等句型,后接省to不定式。He cannot (help) but agree with his daughter. 他不得不同意他女儿。 We might as well put up here for tonight. 我们最好还是在这里过夜。4) 主语从句及介词but, except, besides+to do

9、(do),如从句里或介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式;如无do,则接to不定式,即带do不带to,带to不带do。如:The enemy soldiers had no choice but to surrender. 敌军没有选择只好投降。On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV. What I have to do is take a rest.考点四:不定式的逻辑主语为:for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。例如: I found it impossible for him to do the job alone

10、我发现他个人干这活是不可能的。 (注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如: It was wise of him to do that他那样做是明智的。2. 关于动名词的考点如下:考点二:在下列it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句型中,用动名词作逻辑主语或逻辑宾语。It is no use(no good, no point, no sense, a waste of time等名词) + doing sth. It is good ( nice, interesting, useless等形容词) + doing sth.;There is no point (

11、 use, sense, good等名词) + doing sth.Its no use crying over spilt milk. 后悔没有用。It is good playing chess after supper晚饭后弈棋挺好。It is a waste of time trying to explain设法解释是浪费时间。There is no point in my going out to date someone. 现在让我出去和别人拍拖没有用。 There is no use crying over spilt milk牛奶洒了,哭也无用。考点三:在need, requi

12、re, want, worth (形容词)等词后面接动名词形式表示被动的意思,即用主动形式表示被动意义。如果接不定式,必须用不定式的被动形式。Yourhairwantscutting.你的头发该理了。This problem requires studying with great care这个问题需要仔细研究。Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。考点四:下列短语中to 为介词,后面只能接动名词或名词。(注意:专业四级英语考试对to的考点主要是介词,而非不定式原形) look forward to(渴望),take to(渐渐喜欢), get down to(着手干),

13、 be opposed to(反对),live up to, be devoted to(致力于)Nurses are devoted to caring the sick. 护士致力于病人的护理事业。We are looking forward to seeing you again 我盼着再见到你。get down to ones work 静下心来工作考点五:下列动词既可接不定式,也可接动名词,但表示的意义不同。不定式一般表示事情尚未发生;而动名词则表示事情已经发生于这些动词之前。这些动词有: 1)forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做) forget doing忘记做过某事

14、(此事已做过或已发生) 2)stop to do 停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事 3)remember to do 记住去做某事(未做) remember doing记得做过某事(已做) 4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾 regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔 5)try to do努力、企图做某事 try doing试验、试一试某种办法 6) mean to do打算,有意要 mean doing意味着 7)go on to do 继而(去做另外一件事情) go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情) 8)prop

15、ose to do 打算(要做某事) propose doing建议(做某事) Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗? You must remember to leave tomorrow你可要记着是明天动身。 I dont regret telling her what I thought我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过) I regret to tell you that you failed the test. 我很遗憾要告诉你,你这次测试没有通过。You must try to be more careful你可要多加小心。 Lets try doing the work some other way让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。 I didnt mean to hurt your feeling我没想要伤害你的感情。 Jumping

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