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1、 硕士学位论文陪都重庆城市住宅法律制度简析以钢铁迁建委员会职工住宅自治区立法实例为主The Analysis of the City Housing Legal System of CapitalChongQing-Mainly based on the Steel Factory Relocation CommitteesAutonomous Legislation作者姓名：指导教师：赵家欣李胜渝副教授西南政法大学Southwest University of Political Science and Law 内容摘要自清朝末年以来，随着中国社会经济的逐步发展、沿海沿江商埠的陆续开放以及频
2、发的自然灾害、繁重的苛捐杂税等原因，致使大量农村人口涌入城市，寻求谋生之路，而随之产生的诸如无房可居等社会矛盾也逐渐明显；中华民国建立后，由于城市经济加速发展的现实需要与长时期的房屋供应不足，此类情况更为严重，正如第三次全国内政报告书中所言：“人口密度有增无减，住宅供不应求，即市区以外之附郊，亦莫不然。”因而住房严重短缺，城市房屋租金畸高等问题十分突出，抗日战争的爆发使之更加恶化，由此，民国政府不得不开始关注对城市住宅的立法规范性工作，并逐渐健全了相应的法律制度体系；迁都重庆后，众多西迁人口入渝与原有房屋因空袭摧毁而大量减少使其住宅供需矛盾日益激化，但在全国抗战的大背景下，政府无时亦无力提供足
3、够的住宅用以解决现实的社会问题，便意图借助大量相应的政策法律来缓解当时的住宅供需矛盾。抗日战争全面爆发之后，“战时首都”重庆在遭受日军狂轰滥炸之下，城市房荒问题日益严重，社会矛盾持续升温。由此，重庆地方政府将解决市民住宅问题放在了其日常工作的重要位置，先后颁布实施多部法律规章及大量的政策规定对城市住宅加以调剂规范。文本试图从陪都重庆地方政府规章政策中了解认识其住宅立法的具体背景、法律体系和具体条文的设计，总结其制度设计上的成功与不足之处；通过对这段特殊历史时期的城市住宅立法制度的介绍与分析，试图发现对完善当前住宅保障性立法上的有益之处；同时对钢铁迁建委员会迁渝后制定的一系列职工住宅区自治管理办
4、法进行介绍分析，以期用比较性的方法展现抗战时期陪都地区“官方政府”与“民间企业”两类不同行为主体运用不同的规则办法为解决同一个问题-城市住宅供需矛盾所做出的努力。正文第一部分简要介绍了重庆成为战时陪都的背景原因、为保存残余的国内工业命脉而进行的“铁血西迁”运动，以及由此对重庆城市住宅所产生的影响，从而为下文重庆政府运用一系列的政策法律解决住宅供需矛盾作出原因性的铺垫。正文第二部分的写作目的首先意在梳理民国时期住宅立法的来龙去脉，同时欲求全面了解当时的政策性立法对社会矛盾的缓解作用；其次，侧重分析介绍当时的重庆地方政府颁布的各类旨在解决住宅问题的政策，例如在住宅建设、住宅管理、住宅租赁以及发展地
5、区特色住宅计划2 等。正文第三部分旨在介绍分析西迁重庆的钢铁厂迁建委员会对其职工住宅的建造、分配、租赁及对自治区自治管理等情况，期以展现抗战时期典型工厂借助自身力量、发动广大群众积极性而为厂内职工解决住宅问题并发展职工福利所制定的各项规章制度。正文第四部分则是对本文所述之陪都重庆城市住宅立法对当代住宅立法的启示及钢铁厂迁建委员会职工住宅自治规则对当代刚刚起步的社区管理建设提供一些借鉴之处，试图从中发现对我国当前日益激化城市住宅问题在法律制度上的改进和完善有着积极促进作用的观点方案，从而在汲取当时立法的不足的教训之基础上，制定出更适合目前社会需要的法律制度。关键词：陪都重庆；城市住宅；钢铁厂迁建
6、委员会；住宅自治3 AbstractSince the end of the Qing Dynasty, Chinas social and economic of the coastal port citieswere developing steadily. The frequent natural disasters, heavy exorbitant tax levies and someother reasons, caused a large number of rural population into the city, seeking a way to makea livin
7、g, and the social contradictions such as “no house to reside” are gradually obvious; thesituation gets more serious after the Republic of China was established, the accelerateddevelopment of economic required more and the housing supply was still a tuff question atthe time, as the third national aff
8、airs report said: the population density increased, theresidential supply falls short of demand, even the suburb outside the urban area, also facesthis reality. Thus the serious shortage of housing, city abnormal higher housing rent issuewas very outstanding and the outbreak of war worsened the phen
9、omenon. The government ofthe Republic of China began to pay close attention to the legislation work of city housing, andgradually perfect the corresponding legal system; Along with the capital moved to Chongqing,many people moved to the West, and the air raid caused a substantial reduction in the ho
10、usesupply. The contradictory intensifies day by day, but with the background of the national war,the government was also unable to provide adequate housing to solve the social problems, andintended to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of the residence with alarge number of corres
11、ponding policies and laws. This paper focuses on the implementationof a series of policies and measures in the period of the capital region of Chongqing city tosolve housing problems.The first part gives a brief introduction to the background of the reason why Chongqingbecame the wartime capital, an
12、d the jagged West movement for the preservation of thedomestic industrial lifeblood, which as well as a result impacting on Chongqing city housing,thereby to make a reason foundation of Chongqing government using a series of policy andlaw to solve the contradiction between supply and demand of resid
13、ential. In the second part,this paper intends to analyze the housing legislation sequence of events in the period of theRepublic of China, and try to gain a comprehensive understanding of the policy andlegislations positive influence on social contradiction, in order to learn that the deficiency oft
14、he legislation on the basis of the lessons, to develop more suitable legal system for thecurrent needs of society; secondly, focusing on analyzing the policies which the local1 government of Chongqing enacted to solve the housing problem, for example, the residentialconstruction, housing management,
15、 housing lease and the development of characteristicresidential plan.The third part aims to introduce the analysis of Chongqing steel factorys relocationCommittee on residential construction, distribution, leasing and autonomous managementcondition, in order to show the typical example which with its own power during the war ofresistance against Japan, mobilize the masses to solve housing problems and develop theworke
