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1、英语句子概论,Step 1,句子的种类,（一）按使用目的可分为:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句.,1）陈述句:说明一个事实或陈述一种看法. 光比声速度快. 这部电影很乏味.,Light travels faster than sound. （说明事实）,The film is rather boring. （说明看法）,2）疑问句:提出问题,有以下四种: A. 一般疑问句: 你能按时完成工作吗？ B. 特殊疑问句: 什么使得你如此伤心？ 你怎么知道那件事？ C. 选择疑问句: 你是要茶还是要咖啡？ D. 反意疑问句: 他不认识她,对不对？,Can you finish the work in
2、time?,How do you know that?,Do you want tea or coffee?,He doesnt know her, does he?,What made you so upset?,3）祈使句:提出请求,建议或发出命令，省略主语you的句子。,Work hard, and you will succeed.,4）感叹句:表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪.由how 和what引导,好好干，你就会成功的。,多好的消息啊！,What good news it is!,How good the news is!,句子的分类,Step2,1）她喜欢集邮.,2）食物很精美
3、,但他却没什么胃口.,3）我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了.,She is fond of collecting stamps.,The food was good, but he had little appetite.,The film had begun when we got to the cinema.,Translate:,句子成分详解,简单句基本句型,Basic Sentence Patterns,主语 不及物动词 （ S + Vi ） 主语 系动词 表 (S + LV + predicative) 主语 及物动词 宾语 ( S + Vt + O) 主语双宾动词+间宾+直宾(
4、S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) 主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语 (S + Vt. + O + O. compl) There + be / stand/ lie / live. There lies a book on the desk.,简单句的五种基本句型,主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2-4个基本成分。定语及状语可以称为附属句子成分。,noun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing V-ed etc.,主语,谓语,宾语,表语,Vt,V-l,Vi,Noun / Pron
5、oun The + adj V-ing / Clause Infinitive,Noun / Pronoun / The + adj V-ing / Clause / Infinitive,英语句子基本成分示意图,be / feel / seem / look appear / stand / lie become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keep taste / smell etc.,noun pronoun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing / V-ed clause etc.,The sun rises in
6、the east and sets in the west. We cant finish the work in five minutes. The report sounds interesting. Will you pass me the dictionary? We call her Alice., +（主谓）, + + O （主谓宾）,S + L+P （主系表）,S + V + IO + DO（主谓间宾 直宾）, + +O +（主谓宾宾补）,基本句型 一 +（主谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、
7、状语从句等。,You should study hard.,1. 你应当努力学习。,2.她昨天回家很晚。,She went home very late yesterday evening.,3. 会议将持续两个小时。,The meeting will last two hours.,4.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。,Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.,5. Alice swims very well.,6. Johns father passed away /died l
8、ast night.,7. In autumn, some birds fly to the south.,8. My grandfather gets up early in the morning.,爱丽丝很会游泳。,约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。,秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。,我的爷爷早晨起得很早。,基本句型 二 + +（主系表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类，表示情况；get, gro
9、w, become, turn,go等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain,stand,其 它 系动词,状态：seem, appear, prove - 感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look - 变化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow - 持续：remain, stay, keep, continue -,1.我的兄弟都是大学生。,2.布朗夫人看起来很健康。,3.十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。,4.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。,My
10、 brothers are all college students.,Mrs. Brown looks very healthy.,At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.,Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.,5.树叶已经变黄了。,6.这个报告听起来很有意思。,The leaves have turned yellow.,The report sounds interesting.,基本句型 三 + +（主谓宾） 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主
11、语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。,1.昨晚我写了一封信。,2.今天下午我想同你谈谈。,3.这本书他读过多次了。,4.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。,5.五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。,I wrote a letter last night.,I want to talk with you this afternoon.,He has read this book many times.,That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.,We cannot work
12、 out the problem in five minutes.,6.这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。,7.你在工作中可依靠他。,8. I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.,9. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.,10. He takes a cold bath every morning.,The nurse will take good care of your father.,You can depend/rely on him in your work.,我收到了
13、笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。,我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。,他每天早晨洗冷水澡。,11. Do you mind my opening the window?,12. We must send for a doctor.,13. After writing a composition, we must go over it.,14. On Christmas Day, we will call on our foreign teachers.,15. You must hand in your exercise-books after class.,我开窗户你在意吗？,我们必须派人去请
14、医生,写完作文后，我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。,圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。,你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。,基本句型 四 + +IO +（主谓间宾直宾） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。 通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。,1. Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。,2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。,3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。,4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？,Mr. Johnson taught us German
15、 last year.,Grandma told me an interesting story last night.,Mary handed the wallet/purse/handbag to the schoolmaster.,Would you please pass me the dictionary?,5. 他把车票给列车员看。,6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。,7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。,8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。,He showed the ticket to the conductor. = He showed the
16、conductor the ticket.,This term I have written three letters to my parents.,My father has bought me a new bike. = My father has bought a new bike for me.,Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat. = Robinson Crusoe made a boat for himself.,基本句型 五 + + +（主谓宾宾补） 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。,1.我们叫她Alice.,2.他的父母给他取名为John.,3.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。,4.我们要使学校变得更美丽。,We call her Alice.,His parents
