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1、利用二次定位做信息匹配题目通观2013年这十个信息匹配题，基本就是考察skimming（跳读或寻读）的能力要求。但在此之外又有一个二次处理的过程。先就一般skimming方法做一介绍，然后结合真题示范什么是二次处理。一般大学英语课堂的阅读教学方法称为intensive reading（精读），主要目的是带领学生从词法、句法、翻译等角度对文本做深入全面分析，意在提升学生的语言input（输入）。信息匹配题与extensive reading（泛读）训练比较相像，其目的不是掌握语言素材而是尽快找寻与阅读者需求有关的信息，或曰带着问题去阅读，是一个information seeking的过程。研究生
2、阶段的文献检索将频繁使用该方法。既如此，skimming首先要求考生对有效信息的标的做到心中有数。换句话说，考生应该先快速浏览十个题干，知其大意，同时标示出其中具有鲜明提示性作用的词汇-关键词。比如第46题，Caplan suggests that kids who dont love school go to work. 该题干中主要人物Caplan 就是信息提示词。一般而言，专有名词和时间数字因其在文本中比较醒目的特点往往都是关键词的首选。但也有例外。比如53. Middle-class Americans have highly valued a good education.该题没有专
3、有名词和数字，但由于middle-class属于合成词，当中有连字符，也可以作为搜寻信息的提示。但还有个别题干没有任何明显的标志，只能用普通词汇做关键词-这种题往往定位难度极大。比如49. More and more kids find they far worse with a college diploma.全句没有任何特殊词汇，只能挑选diploma（文凭）作为关键词。在找到关键词以后，就要在文章中高速浏览，迅速定位有效信息点。信息匹配题的浏览和精读中的阅读不同。考生的任务不是理解更不是翻译文章而是找到关键词所在之处。打个比方，此时考生的双眼就如同雷达一般在1200字的文章中搜寻十个关键
4、词的位置。以46题为例。Caplan是关键词。迅速找到Caplan在原文的位置，发现有两段包含该词，分别是：E）Perhaps a bit. Richard Vedder， an Ohio University economics professor， says， “I look at the data， and I see college costs rising faster than inflation up to the mid-1980s by 1 percent a year. Now I see them rising 3 to 4 percent a year over inf
5、lation. What has happened？ The federal government has started dropping money out of airplanes.” Aid has increased， subsidized （补贴的） loans have become available， and “the universities have gotten the money.” Economist Bryan Caplan， who is writing a book about education， agrees： “Its a giant waste of
6、resources that will continue as long as the subsidies continue.”K）What might be a lot cheaper is putting more kids to work. Caplan notes that work also builds valuable skills-probably more valuable for kids who dont naturally love sitting in a classroom. Heckman agrees wholeheartedly： “People are di
7、fferent， and those abilities can be shaped. Thats what weve learned， and public policy should recognize that.”此时就体现了信息匹配题与传统快速阅读的差别。由于关键词可能在多段出现，必须在找到若干备选段落（一般不会超过三个，否则就要重新选择关键词）之后，迅速浏览段落，考察哪一段与题干信息相符。在浏览46题干时会发现该句主要讲的是work（工作）的问题。再用work进行二次定位很快就能知道答案是K段。再举一例。49. More and more kids find they far wor
8、se with a college diploma。如上文所述该题关键词是diploma。查原文发现共有三段出现该词。（该题的确是去年难度最高的题目之一。）B） The answer， I fear， is no. For an increasing number of kids， the extra time and money spent pursuing a college diploma will leave them worse off than they were before they set foot on campus.F） Promotional literature fo
9、r colleges and student loans often speaks of debt as an “investment in yourself.” But an investment is supposed to generate income to pay off the loans. More than half of all recent graduates are unemployed or in jobs that do not require a degree， and the amount of student-loan debt carried by house
10、holds has increased more than five times since 1999. These graduates were told that a diploma was all they needed to succeed， but it wont even get them out of the spare bedroom at Mom and Dads. For many， the most visible result of their four years is the loan payments， which now average hundreds of
11、dollars a month on loan balances in the tens of thousands.G） Its true about the money-sort of. College graduates now make 80 percent more than people who have only a high-school diploma， and though there are no precise estimates， the wage premium （高出的部分） for an outstanding school seems to be even hi
12、gher. But thats not true of every student. Its very easy to spend four years majoring in English literature and come out no more employable than you were before you went in. Conversely， chemical engineers straight out of school can easily make almost four times the wages of an entry-level high-schoo
13、l graduate.其实这道题再次说明，信息匹配题和传统快速阅读最大不同之处在于，考生有一个“二次定位”的过程。在用关键词找到若干备选段落之后还需要再次回到题干，挑选新的词汇作为关键词。以本题为例，题干中的far worse就是这样的一个“二次关键词”。用它去定位很快就知道答案是B段了。通过这几个题目的分析不难发现，首先信息匹配还是继承了快速阅读的基本思路：定位之上，浏览之上。考生在这几个月的备考时间里还是要继续坚持用传统快速阅读真题反复提示搜索能力，真正做到“指哪儿打哪”。除此之外，还需要学会用题干大意对备选段落进行二次过滤筛选的能力。这就要求考生具备一定词汇和语法基本功能够快速把握题干大意。故此，扎实背诵单词认真分析句型仍是广大考生平日不可放弃的基本功！
