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1、Unit7 Computer Basics 计算机基础,一. New words,1. memory n记忆，存储器 e.g. pleasant childhood memories. 愉快的童年回忆 two million bytes of memory. 两百万字节的存储量,2arithmetic n算术，算法 e.g. binary arithmetic 二进制运算,putational adj计算的 computationally adv.,4expand vt扩展 e.g. The bird expanded its wings and flew off. 鸟展开翅膀飞走了 expa
2、nd in 把.扩展发展, 膨胀 expand into 把.扩展发展, 膨胀 expand on 细说, 阐述,5capability n能力,才能,才干 e.g. a student of great capabilities. 一个能力极强的学生 nuclear capability 核能 同义词 ability capacity,6instruction n.指示，用法说明(书)，指令 e.g. read the instructions for assembly. 阅读生产线的操作指南 instructional adj. ask for instruction 请示 give in
3、struction in 讲授 give instructions to do sth. 指挥命令(做某事) receive in instruction 接受教导,7activity n活动，行为 e.g. practical activities 实践活动 social activities 社会活动 academic activity 学术活动 be in activity 在活动中 with activity 精力充沛地 act v.活动，行动 action n.活动，行动,8determinate adj确定的 e.g. Give me a determinate reply. 给我
4、一个明确的回答 determinately adv.（副词） determinateness n.（名词）,9sequence n次序，顺序，序列 the sequence of events 事情的先后顺序 limit of a sequence 序列的极限 sequence control system 顺序控制系统 sequence-signal 序列信号 in sequence 顺次, 挨次,10initiate v. 开始，起动 adj. 创始的, 初期的 initiate a reform 开始改革,11.coherent adj一致的，连贯的 a coherent essay.
5、一篇条理分明的文章 coherently adv.,12procedure n程序，手续 procedure in production 生产过程 break the normal procedure 打破常规,13manipulate v(熟练地)操作 Do you know how to manipulate a computer? 你知道如何使用计算机吗?,14external adj外部的 n. 外部, 外面, 外界 external cause 外因 external force 外力 outer adj.外部的, 外面的,15peripheral adj 外围的 n 外围设备,16
6、.interact vi.互相作用，互相影响 interact on 作用, 影响, 制约 interact with 与.相合,17.decode vt. 解码，译码 code n. 代码, 密码, 编码 v. 编码,18.fetch vt. 取来,19.execute vt. 执行 execute instruction 执行指令 execute a command 执行命令,20.addressable adj. 可设定地址的 (电脑)可寻址的，可编址的 address n. 地址, 演讲, vt. 演说, 写姓名地址, 从事, 忙于 e.g. address a letter. 在信上
7、写明住址 home address 家庭住址，通讯处 a man of pleasing address 一位谈吐流利的人,二. Technical terms,1arithmetic logic unit(ALU) 算术逻辑单元 2central processing unit (CPU) 中央处理器 3peripheral device 外围设备 4magnetic tape 磁带 5automatic assembly line 自动装配线 6IO ports 输入输出端口,三. Expressions,1. a group of 一群 group n. (小)组, 群, 批, 团体,
8、集团 vt.集合, 成群，使.成群，把.分类组 e.g. a group of people 一群人 blood group 血型 The children grouped round their teacher. 孩子围在他们老师的四周。 group round 围在的周围 group about 围在的周围 group around 围在的周围 group under 把.分组归类为 in a group (=in groups) 成群地,2. be able to 能，会 able adj.能.的, 有才能的, 能够的 be able to (do sth.) 能会(做某事) e.g.
9、He is an able judge. 他是一个能干的法官。 He made a very able speech. 他做了一篇精彩的演说。 相关词汇： capable adj.有能力的, 能干的, 有可能的 unable adj. 不能的, 不会的,3.in addition 另外 addition n.加, 加起来, 增加, 加法 相关短语： in addition to 加于之上；除之外又 with the addition of 外加 同义词： on the side adv.作为兼职, 另外 otherwise adv.另外, 否则, 不同地, 另外的, 其他方面的,4.respo
10、nd to 响应，对应于 respond v. 回答, 响应, 作出反应 vi. 有反应 e.g. The patient has responded rapidly to the treatment. 病人在治疗后立刻有起色 同义词： react vi. 起反应, 起作用, 起反作用,四. Questions for text discussion,1How many parts does a computer mainly consist of?,Ans: A computer consists of an inputoutput(IO)device，a memory，a control
11、section，and an arithmetic and logic unit(ALU)，which is the computational element,2 What functions can the “CPU” perform?,Ans: The CPU “read” each instruction from memory in a logically determinate sequence and use it to initiate processing actions. The CPU can access any data stored in memory. The C
12、PU can address these ports and input the data contained there,3 Take some examples about the output devices of the computer,Ans: Almost any computer requires one or more output ports that permit the CPU to communicate the results of its processing to the outside world such as a line printer, such as
13、 a magnetic tape, such as an automatic assembly line.,五. Explaining text,A computer consists of an inputoutput (IO) device，a memory，a control section，and an arithmetic and logic unit(ALU)，which is the computational element The arithmetic logic unit and control section are the systems central process
14、ing unit(CPU),计算机是由输入输出设备(IO)、存储器、控制部分和可进行计算的逻辑运算单元(ALU)构成的。逻辑运算单元和控制单元称为系统的中央处理器。控制部分和可进行计算的逻辑运算单元(ALU)构成CPU.,Let us now expand this basic system and add some memory and other stages that will increase the capabilities of the computer,现在让我们来将这一基本系统加以扩展，增加一些存储器和能提高计算机能力的其它配置。,The program memory serv
15、es basically as a place to store instructions，the coded pieces of data that direct the activities of the central processing unit(CPU),程序存储器一般可作为指令的存放地点，中央处理器(CPU)的操作可由编码的系列数据指令控制。,这里the coded pieces of data为instructions的同位语，而that direct unit为that引导的定语从句修饰前面的data。,A group of logically related instructions stored in memory is referred to as a program The CPU “read” each instruction from memory in a logically determinate sequence and use it to initiate processing actions，if the program structure is coherent and logical，processing procedures produce useful results,一组存放在存储器中的逻辑相关的指令称之为程序。 CPU按逻辑顺序
