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1、12月六级仔细阅读Section C Passage2 Q51-55On Jan. 9, 2007, 10 years ago today, Steve Jobs formally announced Apples revolutionary mobile phone a device that combined the functionality of an iPod, phone and Internet communication into a single unit, navigated by touch.It was a huge milestone in the developme
2、nt of smartphones, which are now owned by a majority of American adults and are increasingly common across the globe.As smartphones have proliferated, so have questions about their impact on how we live and how we work. Often the advantages of convenient, mobile technology are both obvious and taken
3、 for granted, leaving more subtle topics for concerned discussion: Are smartphones disturbing childrens sleep? Is an inability to get away from work having a negative impact on health? And what are the implications for privacy?But today, on the 10th anniversary of the iPhone, lets take a moment to c
4、onsider a less obvious advantage: the potential for smartphone technology to revolutionize behavioral science. Thats because, for the first time in human history, a large proportion of the species is in continuous contact with technology that can record key features of an individuals behavior and en
5、vironment. To quote a recent article published in Perspectives in Psychological Science: Psychology has a great deal of data on what people believe they do. but little data on what people actually do.Researchers have already begun to use smartphones in social scientific research, either to query peo
6、ple regularly as they engage in their normal lives or to record activity using the devices built-in sensors. These studies are confirming, challenging and extending whats been found using more traditional approaches, in which people report how they behaved in real life or participate in relatively s
7、hort and artificial laboratory-based tasks.To illustrate the use of smartphone-based data collection, consider a forthcoming study that combined queries embedded in everyday life with sensor data to paint a more accurate picture of how mood is affected by a persons location. The data for the study c
8、ame from more than 12,000 members of the general public who downloaded a free Android app to participate in the research. Twice during the day, they were prompted to report their mood and location, with location information additionally collected from the phones location sensors. Using both kinds of
9、 location data, the study found that people reported significantly more positive moods in locations that typically involve social interactions (such as a caf or friends house) than at home, and more positive moods at home than at work.Other studies have used sensor data to draw more subtle kinds of
10、inferences. For instance, a study published in 2015 followed 48 students over the course of a 10-week school term. Using acombination of location, activity and audio sensors, the researchers could infer students patterns of class attendance, study time, physical activity and socializing. These varia
11、bles, in turn, predicted student GPA with surprisingly high accuracy. Another 2015 study used mobile phones to track 40 adult participants over a two-week period. Using patterns of movement and phone usage, the researchers were able to identify behaviors that predicted symptoms of depression.These s
12、tudies are just first steps. As more data are collected and methods for analysis improve, researchers will be in a better position to identify how different experiences, behaviors and environments relate to each other and evolve over time, with the potential to improve peoples productivity and wellb
13、eing in a variety of domains. Beyond revealing population-wide patterns, the right combination of data and analysis can also help individuals identify unique characteristics of their own behavior, including conditions that could indicate the need for some form of intervention such as an uptick in be
14、haviors that signal a period of depression.Smartphone-based data collection comes at an opportune time in the evolution of psychological science. Today, the field is in transition, moving away from a focus on laboratory studies with undergraduate participants towards more complex, real-world situati
15、ons studied with more diverse groups of people. Smartphones offer new tools for achieving these ambitions, offering rich data about everyday behaviors in a variety of contexts.So heres another way in which smartphones might transform the way we live and work: by offering insights into human psycholo
16、gy and behavior and, thus, supporting smarter social science.51. What does the author say about the negative impact of smartphones? A. It has been overshadowed by the positive impact. B. It has more often than not been taken for granted. C. It is not so obvious but has caused some concern. D. It is subtle but should by no means be overstated.52 What is considered a less obvious advantaged of s
